Packer Calculations - Oil and Gas Production and Treatment Machines and Equipment

Contents

Introduction

1.1. Classification of packers

Overview of different packer designs

Selection and justification of equipment

Principle of operation

4.1. Operation Procedure

4.2. Setting the packer to operating position

4.3. Setting of anchor to operating position

4.4. Dismantling

Packer Calculation

Safety precautions during operation

Conclusion

List of literature

Introduction

Packers apply to dissociation of layers, isolation of upsetting columns from influence of the borehole environment in use of oil, gas, gas-condensate wells and also to carrying out in them maintenance and repair works and elimination of absorption.

Packers are used for process operations on hydraulic fracturing, acid and thermal treatment of productive formation, for performance of insulation works, hydraulic jet perforation, installation of wire filters and valve separators, cleaning of well bottoms, gas lift operation, etc. Packers are lowered into well on string of risable pipes or together with pipes. The packer bore shall allow unimpeded lowering of tools and equipment to perform the necessary process operations.

The packer shall withstand the maximum required pressure drop acting on it under extreme conditions (operating pressure).

Pressure differences perceived by packers range from 7 to 100 MPa. The ambient temperature during well operation can vary from 40 to 100 ° C, and with thermal impact on the formation reaches in some cases 300.. 400 ° C.

In addition, the packer is an effective technical means for searching for defects. The only disadvantage is that it does not determine the nature (shape and size) of the defect. [8]

Classification of packers

- packers are divided by perceptions of pressure drop:

FP - force is directed from pressure drop upwards;

MON - force is directed from pressure drop down;

PD - two-sided action (force from pressure drop is directed both up and down).

- according to the ability to be fixed at the installation site, the packers subdivide:

I am a fixed anchor;

Without a symbol, do not require a fit.

- according to the method of planting, packers are divided:

D - hydraulic;

M - mechanical;

GM - hydromechanical;

Without a symbol, do not require a fit.

- according to the method of removal, packers are divided:

C - by rotation;

P - by drilling;

And - a special tool;

Without a designation - interference.

-by execution:

Without designation - normal;

Corrosion resistant:

K1 - carbon dioxide-resistant (CO2 not more than 10% vol.),

K2 - hydrogen sulfide-resistant (H2S and CO2 not more than 10% vol. each component),

K3 - hydrogen sulfide-resistant (H2S and CO2 above 10%, but not more than 25% vol. each component),

T - heat-resistant (for working environments with a temperature more than 150 wasps). [1]

Consider the different packer designs and choose the packer that is most suitable for these conditions.

Overview of different packer designs

1. Behind-the-hole hydromechanical double-collar packer of PMMD type

The main area of ​ ​ application of a packer of the PGMD type is to improve the quality of separation of two formations separated by thin (not more than 2-3 m) clay interlayers .

The PGMD packer is characterized by high processability in operation, reliable formation of a high-strength self-sealing cuff-cement jumper, free adjustment of the length of the jumper (minimum length 500 mm), preservation of sealing properties of the jumper when it is partially placed in the perforation interval.

2. Hydromechanical double-collar packer PGMD1

The packer of the PGMD1 type is similar in design to the packer of the PGMD type and is designed for reliable insulation of close-located productive formations and provides optimal conditions for the formation of a cement ring in adjacent zones, thereby eliminating the penetration of formation gas and aggressive liquids into the hardening grouting mixture. It protects the cement stone from shock wave during perforation of the production string, maintains its contact with pipes when axial loads on the casing string change, and centers adjacent sections of the string. Introduction of expanding additive into inter-cuff space during well packing allows increasing volume of hardening grouting solution. Field of application of PGMD1 packers with nominal diameter of 216mm with casing strings with diameter of 140168 mm.

3. Hydraulic packer with small valve assembly of PGPM1 type

Behind-the-hole hydraulic packer of PGPM1 type is designed to improve the quality of insulation of productive formations when fixing wells in order to prevent interplate flows and annular manifestations of formation fluids during hardening of cement mortar, development and operation of wells.

The packer is lowered into the well as part of a production string with a diameter of 146 or 168 mm and is installed in a given interval. A curable hydrophobic polymer composition is pumped into the cavity of the packer sealing element in factory conditions, the polymerization of which occurs only in the presence of a blowing liquid entering the packer of their inner column space when it is triggered. Thus, the durability and reliability of the packer are significantly improved.

4. Behind-the-wall hydraulic packers of PZG and PZM types

The PZG type packer is designed to be installed as part of the casing string, both in the cementing interval and outside it, to ensure reliable insulation of productive formations. In addition to the function of separating the beds and preventing interplate flows of liquids and gas, the packer provides optimal conditions for the formation of a cement ring in the zone of the annulus adjacent to the packer. In particular, it eliminates the possibility of penetration of gas and aggressive liquids into the hardening plugging mixture, centers the casing string in the well and causes formation of a sedimentation sealing zone of the mixture above it.

PZM-type packer is designed to ensure high processability of productive formation isolation before hydraulic breaks or injection of displacement agents at particularly intensive well operation modes.

5. Behind-the-hole hydraulic packer of PDM type for stepped and cuff cementing of wells

Packers of PDM type provide carrying out of two-stage and cuff cementing of well with creation of tight bridge in behind-hole space above absorbing and developing formations. The structural simplicity of the sealing element is combined with its reliability when packaged in a stable borehole and a previous casing.

6. All-in-one hydraulic packer of PPGU type

PPGU packer is designed to perform the following works:

- exclusion of behind-the-wall overflows and formation fluid manifestations in the entire well cementing zone;

- a given (optimal) reduction of repression on the formation - a production facility during the OSC period with preservation of the grouting solution under the packer, which prevents the occurrence of behind-the-wall flows between different strata of the productive zone;

- separation of formations above and below the cementing zone, as well as without cementing of the well;

- maintaining the level of the grouting mortar column in the caulking space;

- high-tech (without drilling in the casing) collar and stepped cementing of wells (in combination with a through cementing clutch of the MCP type);

- additional increase or restoration of sealing capacity of the support with the lowest costs by means of additional packing of the well during its development and operation.

Packer is installed as part of casing string in any specified interval of well bore depth.

7. PPDS packer

PPDS packer is designed to maintain formation pressure of formation pressure in injection wells, as well as to protect production columns from dynamic loads in injection and production wells during injection of liquids and gas-liquid mixtures and hydraulic fractures of formations.

8. Trailing packers of PZ168Ts and PZ-216 types

Behind-the-wall packer of PZ168C type is designed for reliable separation of opened productive formations from the annulus of the lowered casing string for the period of solidification of cement mortar in order to exclude the possibility of behind-the-wall flows of formation fluid.

Annulus packer of PZ216 type is intended for sealing of annulus of casing strings of diameters 140 and 146 mm in order to separate strata in vertical, obliquely directed and horizontal wells.

9. Mechanical packers of increased reliability

Packers mechanical the increased reliability of types of PRO-HOLES, to PRO-YaM2, PROYaMZ, PRO-YaMO and PROYaMO2 are intended for long dissociation and isolation of an operational column from influence of the borehole environment below and above the lying layers and also when carrying out various technological operations at a temperature in the well to +100os.

The peculiarities of packers design are as follows:

equipping with two rubber packers;

the packer anchoring device is disposed under the rubber packer members to prevent downward movement of the packer;

to prevent upward movement of the packer when used in injection wells and insufficient weight of pipes to hold it, installation of a retaining hydraulic anchor above the packer is provided;

packers of PROYAM, PRO-YAM2 and PIYAM3 types are installed in the well by rotating the pipe string to the right by ¼ turns with simultaneous downward movement;

PIYAMO, PRO-YAMO2 type packers are installed mechanically in the well by manipulation of axial movements of the pipe string without rotation;

all packers are brought to the transport position by tensioning the pipe string.

Mechanical packers of ABM type have the following advantages:

high reliability of formation isolation during long-term operation and high pressure drops on the packer;

the absence of leakage of the rubber sealing element allows to increase the time between failures by 1020 times compared to serial packers;

sealing of annular space with wide range of internal diameter of pipe string in inclined, horizontal and deep wells without pipe rotation;

possibility of creating a pulsed effect on the formation in case of high depression;

reduced axial tensile load during unpacking after long-term operation.

10. Packers of increased reliability with emphasis on bottomhole of ABM, PRV, ABM-Sh and ABM-Sh-K types

Packers of ABM, PRV, ABM-Sh and ABM-Sh-K types are designed for the development and operation of oil and gas production and injection wells, as well as for various technological operations.

The peculiarities of these packers are as follows:

do not have a lower anchoring device and they can be operated with an emphasis on the face;

packers of ABM-Sh and ABM-Sh-K types, unlike packers of ABM and PRV type, are equipped with a key and provide torque transmission to the pipe string (or equipment) installed under the packer;

in packers of the missile defense types, PRO-Sh and PRO-Sh-K sealing elements maintain pressure difference of bilateral action to 100 MPas at a temperature up to 100 wasps;

in packers of RVB type, the sealing element withstands the pressure drop directed from below up to 100 MPa, and directed from above up to 21 MPa;

In case of excessive pressure under the packer, if the weight of the pipes is insufficient to keep the packer from moving upwards, a hydraulic anchor supplied separately must be installed under the packer;

packers of PRO-Sh-K type are equipped with a removable valve, which during the well packer isolates the under-packer zone from the over-packer zone, and during unpacking, as well as during well flushing or lowering operations provides communication of the under-packer zone with the over-packer zone;

packers of ABM, ABM-Sh and ABM-Sh-K types can be used complete with a pipe reservoir tester;

RVB type packers are recommended for liquid injection.

ABM packers have the following advantages:

regardless of the bending of the pipe string above and below the packer, high reliability of isolation of the formation is provided during long-term operation and large pressure drops;

absence of leakage of rubber element in packages of ABM, ABM-Sh and ABM-Sh-K types allows to increase time between failures by 1020 times, compared to serial packages;

sealing of annular space with wide range of inner diameter of pipe string;

equipment can be reused and is easy to maintain.

11. Mechanical packers PIAMO2YAG1 (M), PIAM2YAG1 (M)

Scope:

recommended to perform casing compression and search for leaks;

for acid treatment of the formation under pressure;

for repair and insulation works and other technological operations;

for installation in injection and production wells.

Advantages:

packers include sliding supports preventing extrusion of rubber sealing elements into the tube gap, which increases reliability of sealing and facilitates disruption of packers;

reliable sealing of the production string during operations requiring creation of a high pressure drop on the packer;

easy unpacking without additional tensile load;

packer designs have been tested by many years of successful application experience.

Design features:

PIYAMO2YAG1 (M), PIYAMOSAIG2, PRO-YAMO3-YAG3 (M) packers are installed mechanically in the well, by means of axial movements of tubing (do not require rotation), brought to the transport position by tension of the pipe string;

the upper hydraulic anchoring device, which is actuated by creating an in-tube pressure, serves to keep the packer from moving upwards;

multiple-action equipment per ACT;

high repairability.

Safety precautions during operation

All installation, dismantling, lowering and operation of the packer shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of PB 0862403 "Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry," approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation dated 05.06.2003.

For packers, the following safety requirements can be distinguished:

In case of works (hydraulic fracturing, acid treatment, various pouring, etc.) requiring pressures exceeding the permissible ones, it is necessary to install special valves at the mouth, and protect the production string with a packer installation.

Fountain wells with a flow rate of 400 t/day. oil or 500 thousand m3/day. gas and more, located at a distance of less than 500 m from the settlement, are equipped with downhole equipment (packer and valve separator, circulation valve, control station, etc.).

Before lowering the packer, the production column must be trimmed, if necessary ribbled, washed to the bottom and pressed.

Injection wells, regardless of the physical and chemical properties of the injected agent, shall be equipped with a pump-compressor pipe string and, if necessary, a packer, providing protection and isolation of the production string from the effect of the injected agent on it.

Heat carrier shall be pumped into the formation after installation of the heat-resistant packer at a pressure not exceeding the maximum permissible for the production string.

Lifting and lowering speed of tubing with closed flow section and well equipment (ECP, packer, template, etc.) shall not exceed 0.25 m/s.

The well shall not be operated in a fountain manner without downhole equipment including:

- mounting nipple for intake valve and blind plug;

- packer for production string protection, circulation valve, inhibitory valve, wellhead valve separator.

After installation, the packer is subject to a leak test, and the annulus of the well above the packer is filled with an inhibitory fluid solution.

Before using the packer, the maintenance personnel must study its design and operating manual. [7]

Conclusion

The purpose of this course project was to calculate the packer, which includes:

determining the smallest axial force value that provides sealed separation of the wellbore;

determination of maximum height of packer sealing element;

checking the effect of the spot grip on the strength of the casing.

In addition, the course project provided for the selection of equipment. We have considered various packer designs that differ from each other in the presence or absence of an anchoring device, in the way the packer is seated, in the way the packer is removed and in various embodiments.

The selection was based on several main factors, namely: well depth, mining and geological conditions, direction and value of pressure drop, technical and economic indicators and target purpose of the selected packer.

We selected the PIYAMO2YAG1 (M) packer. Its technical parameters correspond to the calculated values:

the axial force is greater than the design force, which provides a sealed separation of the wellbore;

the height of the sealing element does not exceed the design height;

axial load on the spot grip does not exceed the limit, which does not lead to destruction of the casing string.

The explanatory note indicates the principle of operation (procedure of operation, setting of packer to operating position, procedure of installation/dismantling) and safety precautions during packer operation.