Monolithic 28-storey building

Contents

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  Introduction

1. Architectural and construction part

1.1 Initial data

1.2 Natural-climatic description of the construction area

1.3 Space Planning Solution

1.4 Fire protection measures

1.5 Design Solution

1.6 Building Engineering Equipment

1.7 Master Plan and Improvement

1.8 Heat Engineering Calculation of Enclosing Structure

2. Design and structural part

2.1 Description of design model and solution methodology

2.2 Slab Calculation 

  2.2.1 Coding schemes

  2.2.2 Load collection

2.3 Calculation of building-base system for dynamic wind impact

  2.3.1 Coding scheme

  2.3.2 Determination of wind loads on multi-storey building

2.4 Calculation of first floor walls

  2.4.1 Coding schemes

  2.4.2 Load collection

3. Organization of works

3.1 Construction plan

3.2 Selection of installation crane

3.3 Calculation of temporary buildings and structures

3.4 Calculation of storage areas

3.5 Calculation of temporary water supply

3.6 Heat supply calculation

3.7 Calculation of power capacity requirements

3.8 Calculation of searchlight

4. Construction production technology

4.1 Scope of application

4.2 Organization and technology of construction processes

  4.2.1 Reinforcement of walls

  4.2.2 Installation and removal of wall formwork

  4.2.3 Concreting of walls

  4.2.4 Compaction of concrete mixture

4.3 Safety Instructions

4.4 Operational Quality Control

4.5 Need for basic machines, equipment, tools and accessories

4.6 Costing Labor

5. Economic part

5.1 Local estimate

5.2 Object Estimate

5.3 Contract Price

5.4 Calculation of book profit

6. Occupational safety and environmental friendliness of the project

7. Safety of life in emergency situations

  Literature

Introduction

In modern housing construction, houses built from prefabricated reinforced concrete (panel, large-block, volumetric blocks) and brick were widely used.

Large-panel houses dominating the construction of housing, along with obvious advantages, have a number of disadvantages, leading to overspending of energy resources (at the stage of manufacturing of elements and installation), excessive metal costs for embedded parts and poor operational reliability associated with the problem of joints of structural elements.

The construction experience showed that these shortcomings can be avoided when using monolithic reinforced concrete buildings in housing construction, which are characterized by increased rigidity. The specific advantages of monolithic construction are the reduction of steel consumption, leakage, freezing due to the lack of joints and cutting of structures are excluded. In addition, the unlimited number of types of elements and a wide choice of possibilities for designing geometric forms of structures led to the creation of new, more acceptable space-planning solutions for buildings, the implementation of previously impossible architectural ideas.

Industrial formwork in combination with the concrete manufacturing technique and its supply to the concreting site made this method comparable in terms of technical and economic indicators with prefabricated house building.

In addition, modern developments in the developing life of society have led to the need to create comfortable housing that meets the full range of requirements of a business person.

Therefore, the purpose of this project is to design and calculate a high-rise residential building of improved layout with an administrative part and a leisure and sports center. In the diploma project, the developments carried out at the Department of the North Kazakhstan Region and the National Assembly on improving the methodology for calculating the monolithic building are continued. Due to the large distribution of computer technologies and software, in this project, in addition to the AP "Lira" SPT, the following software applications are used: AutoCAD, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Exel, Visual Basic, etc.

Architectural and construction part

Source Data

The site allocated for the construction of a residential building is located in the Central District of Volgograd.

Building class - I, fire resistance - II.

The designed building is a monolithic 28m-story residential building, two-section point type. The height of the standard floor is taken to be 3.3 m. On the side there is a built-in administrative block for 3 floors, the height of the floor is 4.5 m. The upper floors and attic space are used for a recreation and sports center.

Natural and climatic description of the construction area

The construction site of the designed residential 28m of the storey building belongs in its physical, geographical and geological characteristics to the IIIB climatic area, the humidity zone in accordance with [1] is dry.

Initial data of the construction area:

the temperature of the coldest days;

temperature of the coldest five days;

absolute minimum temperature -36 ° С;

absolute maximum temperature + 42 ° С;

period with average daily air temperature less than 8 ° С 182 days, average temperature -3.4 ° С;

average monthly relative air humidity of the coldest month is 83%;

- average monthly relative air humidity of the hottest month 33%;

the amount of precipitation per year is 403 mm;

in January, north-east, east winds prevail;

in July, northeast and northwest winds prevail;

normative depth of soil freezing - 1.5 m;

standard snow load (according to [3]) - 70.0 kg/m2;

standard wind pressure - 38 kg/m2.

Space Planning Solution

The 28-storey residential building designed is a two-section dot-type house with exterior walls protruding in plan along the perimeter (windows and balconies), with height differences and an irregular floor plan system.

Plans, sections.

Due to the fact that the building as a whole is a pyramid, therefore, as the height increases, the configuration of the plans gradually narrows (especially in section 1). The floor height is assumed to be 3.3 m.

In section 2, two two-room and three-room apartments are designed on each floor. All apartments have front rooms with built-in cabinets or adjacent hallways, kitchens equipped with electric stoves and washes, combined sanitary baths and a separate additional toilet. The living room of all apartments protrudes in plan in the form of an erker of a trapezoidal shape with refracting glazing. The adjoining balcony (also trapezoidal in shape), as if repeating the shape of the erker, is even more protruding to the outside and forms a whole protruding complex. Access to the balcony is through the side of the erker in the living room. In all apartments, the living room is connected to the kitchen in order to use it as a kitchen-dining room. In the three-bedroom apartments at the end of the house there are also balconies. The composition of the bathrooms is as follows: vannajakuzi, sink, toilet and bidet. In addition, all apartments have a second separate toilet.

Each apartment through the front overlooks the floor stair lift unit, in the center of which there is an elevator platform facing directly to the outer wall with through glazing in height. The number of elevators is two freight and passenger. On both sides of the elevator platform, an unfamiliar staircase, an additional staircase with separation into fire levels was designed. Access to the smoke-free staircase is carried out along the bypass corridor through the loggia. Also on the stair lift unit there are separate compartments for garbage and engineering equipment.

The floor level of the first floor is taken as elevation 0.000. The first floor of the house has a hall protruding in plan (elevation -1.650 m) with a security post. Due to the fact that the level of the first floor is raised by half a floor, access is carried out by a side staircase, and the elevator stops at the level of the hall and the second floor.

For the planning solution, see the graphical part of the project.

Section 1 of the designed building coincides in plan with the second, with the exception of the extreme elements where the administrative part is located, an art workshop with a winter garden (18th floor). The living part of the second section has similar planning indicators.

On the right side of the house there is a three-story administrative block protruding in plan outside the main building (protruding second and third floors along the perimeter are supported by columns). The first floor has a regular system of outline of the entire building. The entrance to the administrative building is carried out from the end of the building through a security post. The floor elevation of the first floor is -0.300 m. The connection between the floors is carried out through two stairs located on the outside of the building. The second floor has an elevation of 4.200 m. In the central part of the building there is a hall and toilets, and around the perimeter - reception rooms and offices. At the end there is a meeting room. The outer boundary of the third floor is proportionally narrowed. Above the meeting hall of the second floor is a winter garden under glazing in the form of a dome with access to the roof. The elevation of the top of the dome is 17,000 m.

On the 18th floor there is an art workshop with a similar winter garden and a change in plan. The elevation of the top of the dome is 60,000 m.

On 2528 floors of both sections there is a recreation and sports center: procedural, sauna, gyms, two gyms of standard size and a pool of 9x15 m and a depth of 3 m. The space of the gyms and the pool is not limited to overlaps of 27, 28 floors. The floors 27, 28 are bounded by a rolling coating in the form of glazed steel structures. Access to the gyms and pools from the women's and men's locker rooms is separate from two floors. In the upper part of the building there is a reinforced concrete box for the exit of ventilation systems and garbage ducts. The elevation of the top of the conduit of the building is 97,000 m.

Access to the roof is carried out through a box. The unpopulated stairwell reaches the floor level of 28 floors. The right stairwell leads to the roof.

Ground layout elevation -1.800 m, foundation slab laying elevation is accepted from design requirements and is equal to -7.000m.

Calculation of building system for dynamic wind impact

Coding scheme

The following design model is used for complex calculation of building system type (Fig.2.3.1-2.3.2). Each block is considered as a spatial frame rod (5 FE) with the geometric characteristics of the real block (moment of inertia relative to the main inertia axes of section Ix and Iy, cross section area), along the length of which the masses of floors are concentrated (due to the limitation on the number of masses, no more than 50 are accepted). These rods are supported by a solid base plate (13 FE is a rectangular end element of the plate on an elastic base). Since the walls resting on the plate give it additional rigidity, the effect of the walls is replaced by a device in place of resting the walls of beams with the rigidity of the walls of the basement. Load from this unit is transmitted through these beams. To include rods with masses in the general work, they are connected to each other at the level of each overlap by additional rods (5 FE).

Connections are placed on the plate nodes: 1,2 and 6. Since the number of degrees of free oscillation is limited, bonds are imposed in the nodes of mass concentrations of floors: 2, 3, 4, 6.

Organization of works

The project of organizing the construction of a monolithic residential building is based on:

design tasks;

engineering survey data;

technical decisions taken in other parts of the project;

source data.

The construction organization project has been completed in accordance with the following standards:

SNiP 3.01.0185 Construction Production Organization;

SNiP 1.04.0385 "Standards for the duration of construction of enterprises, buildings and structures";

"Calculation standards for drawing up the construction organization design."

Stroygenplan.

Considering that the designed multi-storey building consists of rooms with indistinct floor repeatability (does not allow organizing repetitive construction processes), this object can be attributed to objects of increased complexity.

The construction of the building box is divided into two periods:

execution of zero cycle works;

erection of the above-ground part.

By the beginning of the construction of the building box, all preparatory work should be carried out, as well as the underground part of the building.

On-site preparatory works include:

creation of a geodetic basis for construction;

clearing of the construction site area;

engineering preparation of the territory of the construction site with priority work on the planning of the territory and provision of temporary drains of surface water;

arrangement of permanent or temporary on-site roads;

laying of water, heat and power supply networks;

creation of a site-wide warehouse and pre-assembly sites, as well as preparation of formwork for a new turnover;

installation of inventory buildings and temporary structures;

provision of the construction site with fire-fighting water supply and equipment, communication and alarm equipment;

The completion of the preparatory work shall be recorded in the general work log.

Work on the construction of the walls of the basement, basement and residential floors, premises of the recreation and sports center and superstructures above the roof is carried out using large-shield formwork.

The cycle of work on the construction of the reinforced concrete box of the building includes the following operations:

installation of formwork panels on the grip;

reinforcement of walls with installation of embedded parts, since access to them will be closed after subsequent installation of panels of the second side of the wall;

concreting of inner and outer walls with ceramic concrete;

holding concrete in the formwork for purchase by the time of decompression of at least 50% of design strength;

manual unraveling, removal of the formwork from the concrete surface;

disassembly of the formwork using the tower crane and rearrangement to the cleaning and lubrication station;

finishing of concrete surfaces - elimination of small concreting defects, cutting of irregularities and grinding of shells.

The location of the tower crane is chosen taking into account the possibility of its work near the walls of the building when they are erected in a large-shield formwork.

Existing pavements should be used as access roads.

Fencing of the construction area in order to avoid access of unauthorized persons should be carried out for the entire period of construction from reinforced concrete slabs. The designation of hazardous areas around the areas of lifting mechanisms is carried out in place depending on the location of these areas in accordance with safety regulations.

Purchased temporary buildings and structures should be mainly inventory, mobile and prefabricated according to GOST. Temporary buildings are located in a designated area at the discretion of the general contractor.

The sites and locations of storage areas allow you to place appropriate materials and structures for work on the same floor during continuous two-shift work.

Lighting - floodlights installed on reinforced concrete or wooden pillars with a height of 13 m.

Temporary supply of construction with water, electricity, heat should be carried out from existing urban networks.

The construction site should be provided with direct city telephone communication, special portable radio communication means on-site network and means of centralized dispatch communication.

Construction production technology

Scope.

The technological map was developed for the construction of internal, external walls and floors made of ceramsite concrete in a monolithic 28-storey residential building using a large-panel formwork, Citizens building.

Floor height 3.3 m, building size in axes 86.5x30.0 m, ceramic concrete B15.

The works include:

installation of formwork;

installation of valves;

concrete laying;

dismantling of formwork.

Performance of works is provided in two shifts at ambient air temperature above 0˚S. The following methods of laying concrete are adopted in this Job Instruction: using a tower crane with a rotary bucket.

Organization and technology of construction processes .

Wall reinforcement.

Reinforcement of walls is carried out by installation of reinforcement frames with their attachment to each other by separate rods and viscous units. Installation of reinforcement into the structure is performed according to working drawings.

The wall reinforcement works include:

Marking the location of the frames

installing retainers to create a protective layer;

installation of rebar frames;

binding of frame connections;

welding of frames.

Prior to installation, the fittings shall be carefully checked to ensure that the formwork meets the design size and quality of its execution; prepare rigging equipment, tools for operation; clean the reinforcement from rust; close openings in floors with panels or install temporary fencing.

Reinforcement bars received at the construction site are laid on shelves of closed warehouses sorted by grades, diameters and lengths; nets are stored folded in rolls in vertical position. Flat grids and frames shall be stacked in the crane area on the workpiece gaskets and liners. The height of the stack shall not exceed 1.5 m. The width of the gaskets shall not be less than 150 mm and the thickness shall not be less than 50 mm.

The reinforcement is supplied to the installation site by a tower crane of the type.

Flat and spatial frames weighing up to 50 kg are fed to the installation place by a crane in packs and installed manually, and weighing more than 50 kg - by a crane. Individual rods are fed to the installation site by bundles.

For temporary storage of reinforcement frames to the formwork, strubcins are used.

To form a protective layer of concrete between reinforcement and formwork, fixators are installed with a spacing of 1.01.2 m in staggered order .

Installation of reinforcement is started after installation of formwork on one side of the wall.

Work on installation of valves is performed by a link of 3 people:

electrical welder of the 4th category - 1;

valve of the 3rd category - 1;

rigger of the 2nd category - 1.

Installation and removal of wall formwork.

The following preparatory works shall be carried out prior to the start of formwork:

a platform for receiving formwork is equipped;

the timbering, the equipment, devices, the tool, materials and lubricant for a covering of the deck of boards are delivered on an object;

the bases of the formwork installation sites (wall axis breakdown, floor surface leveling, floor cleaning from debris) have been prepared.

The formwork shall be stored in accordance with GOST 1515069. At the same time, formwork elements must be packed or stacked on wooden linings. Stack height shall not exceed 1.01.2 m.

Long-term storage is carried out in closed rooms or under canopies.

Formwork panels are assembled from separate unified panels (boards) of large panel formwork on the construction site according to assembly drawings.

During assembly of formwork panels, separate boards are connected by means of keys, locks and studs. Formwork panels are connected by strubcins.

When mounting the formwork, opposing boards or panels are connected with ties mounted at a spacing of 1800 mm at two levels in height.

Feed of formwork panels and individual boards is performed by KB6750 crane using two-branch sling.

The formwork of the walls is installed in two stages: first, the formwork of one side of the wall is mounted to the entire height of the floor, after the installation of reinforcement, the formwork of the second side is mounted. Refer to the graphic part of the project for installation procedure.

Door openings shall be installed simultaneously with the installation of the second side formwork. Works on installation of door openings are carried out in the following sequence:

stroking the penetrator by the mounting loops and feeding to the installation site;

placing the penetrator in place and fixing it with struts;

The penetrator is attached to the formwork panel by means of bolts and disassembled.

It is allowed to remove the formwork only after concrete reaches the required strength, refer to item 9.13 of SNiP III1576.

Decontamination and loading of structures shall be carried out after testing of control samples confirming that concrete achieves the required strength.

After each turn of the formwork on the grip, it is necessary: to inspect the installation parts; clean the deck surfaces and other places from the stuck concrete mixture with scrapers and metal brushes; apply lubrication on the deck surface; check and apply lubrication to screw connections. The vertical and horizontal surfaces of the molds are coated with reverse emulsion (EX, saturated lime solution at 5055˚S, saline oil), direct emulsion (EX, soda ash solution). Surfaces of parts invisible during operation are covered with spent oils of MMO and MNO groups. Surfaces of products with high quality requirements - technical vaseline, stearin.

Lubricant of emulsion type is applied by sprayer of CO20B type or by means of roller, oil - by brush, consistency - by rubbing. Lubricant consumption per 1 square metre of deck surface is: emulsion 200300 g, oil 150200 g, consistency - up to 30 g.

Work on removal of the penetrator is performed after removal of the formwork panel from one side of the wall in the following order:

bracing and removing bolts attaching the opening to the formwork panel;

removing the second formwork panel and stroking the door opening or window opening beyond the mounting hinges;

knocking out the wedge of the upper lock of the penetrator and removing the stop;

removing spacers;

the crane driver slightly pulls the penetrator to the side, after which it lifts and supplies to the cleaning and lubrication site.

Installation and dismantling of wall formwork is performed by a link of 5 people:

construction locksmith of the 4th category -2;

construction locksmith of the 3rd category -2;

rigger of the 2nd category -1.

Compaction of concrete mixture.

Concrete mixtures on porous bases (expanded clay), compared to mixtures on dense materials, have increased friction, lower average density, greater shear resistance and a greater tendency to stratification, especially under the influence of vibration. It is effective to use high-frequency, deep vibrators (IV66, IV-67, IV75) to consolidation of concrete mix. The minimum duration of vibration due to increased internal friction and shear resistance is assumed to be slightly longer compared to mixtures on dense fillers.

The maximum duration of vibration compaction of easily concrete mixtures is recommended within 1520 sec for mixtures with cone settlement equal to 1012 cm. The thickness of the treated concrete layer is taken to be 2025 cm.

Signs of final compaction are: cessation of concrete mixture subsidence; appearance of concrete milk on the surface and cessation of air bubbles release. The concrete mixture should be especially carefully compacted directly at the walls of the formwork, penetrators and inserts, at the corners of the walls.

When holding laid concrete in the initial period of its hardening, it is necessary to:

Maintain the temperature and humidity conditions that ensure concrete strength build-up;

protect hardening concrete from shocks, shocks and other mechanical effects;

perform periodic watering of concrete with water during the first days of hardening;

perform heat treatment if necessary.

Concrete mix laying works are performed by a link in the following composition:

concreter of the 4th category -1;

concrete maker of the 2nd category -2.

Safety instructions.

When performing works, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of SNII480 "Safety in construction" and the instructions of the manufacturers on the operation of the equipment. When installing and operating the lifting mechanism (crane), they are guided by the requirements of the "rules for the arrangement and safe operation of lifting cranes."

When laying concrete mixture at night or at night, the parking lot of concrete mixer, crane, passages and places of concrete mixture laying shall be sufficiently illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.04685.

It is forbidden to install formwork panels at wind speed of 10 m/s or more.