Coursework with drawings and specification on low-rise residential building

Contents

Introduction

Natural and climatic conditions

Site Plot Plan

Space planning solutions

Design Solutions

Engineering equipment

List of used literature

Introduction

The construction of residential buildings in Russia serves the implementation of the stated goals of the main areas of economic and social development .

Projects intended for implementation in construction should fully meet modern, functional and aesthetic requirements and ensure cost-effectiveness of construction, thanks to the wide use of progressive space-planning and structural solutions, as well as the maximum use of industrial methods of building construction.

The course work is developed taking into account the modern requirements of state standards and regulatory documentation. Coursework was developed on the topic: "Low-rise residential building."

The designed building is located in a residential microdistrict. The architectural and planning decision of the general plan of the building was made in accordance with the existing development of the microdistrict .

General plan

The site for the construction of a two-story residential building is located in a residential microdistrict. The relief is calm. The general plan shows existing buildings: a residential building, a store, a parking lot. Vertical reference of building corners according to contours is made. The level of clean floor of the first floor corresponding to the elevation on the ground of 154.6m is taken as 0.000.

The general plan shows landscaping in the form of landscaping (flower beds, shrubs with a free-growing and cut hedge, deciduous trees).

Space Planning Solution

The two-story building of the residential building has a rectangular shape in plan. Size in axes: in length - 9.600 m, in width - 10.200 m. Floor height - 2.80m.

The building of the residential building has a corridor room layout system. The spaces of all floors of the section are interconnected by vertical communications - a staircase .

Design Solutions

The building has a arceless (wall), structural scheme with transverse bearing and longitudinal walls. The walls are brick, made of ceramic brick full of white. Walls are made by masonry using heat-insulating material - mineral-cotton plates. Insulation is located outside. The outer wall thickness is calculated below.

Foundations - tape, reinforced concrete, prefabricated. Foundation depth is calculated below.

Slabs - prefabricated reinforced concrete multistage panels b = 220 mm.

Roof - by wooden rafters made of metal

Stairs - prefabricated reinforced concrete on metal slopes

Windows - according to GOST 1121486 "Wooden windows and balcony doors with double glazing for residential and public buildings."

External doors as per GOST 2469881 "Wooden external doors for residential and public buildings."

Internal doors as per GOST 662988 "Wooden internal doors for residential and public buildings."

4.2 Slabs and coverings.

Slabs - horizontal bearing and enclosing structures dividing buildings into floors and accepting loads from their own weight, the weight of vertical enclosing structures, stairs, as well as from the weight of interior items, equipment and people on them. These loads are transferred from floors to the structural walls of the building.

In this building, a floor is designed, consisting of multi-pillar reinforced concrete slabs. Floors are laid on the outer walls from the inner edge of the wall for 200 mm, and on the inner bearing walls for 190mm .

Floors and coverings are made of typical prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of 220mm with round voids according to the 1.1411 series of effect.63 .

Slabs provide sound and thermal insulation, they also meet high requirements for rigidity and flexural strength.

4.3 Ladders.

Stairs are designed to communicate between spaces located on different floors.

The staircase used in the building is located in the hall.

According to the manufacturing method, it is a prefabricated large-element reinforced concrete. It includes: 2 flights of stairs, 1.1m wide and staircases resting on longitudinal walls and posts. The stair marches include vertical fences - railings, 1m high. The width of the steps is 300mm, the height is 150mm.

The staircase structure has cosors, to which the treads join the slot. Between the treads, perpendicular to them, risers also join the slot.

Windows and doors

Windows - building elements designed for lighting and ventilation of rooms. Doors are used to connect isolated spaces and to enter the building.

The windows in the building are designed with double glazing. There are one- and three-leaf windows. Window material - PVC.

Wood sill slabs and galvanized steel plums are also installed in the window openings. Since there are quarters in the window openings, the window blocks during installation rest against them, slopes are made from cement sand mortar.

The doors in the building are designed single-floor, glazed (in the kitchen, doors in the living room and in the common room), deaf (non-glazed) and balcony. Glazing of some doors is necessary mainly in order to achieve more uniform lighting of the premises, as well as according to fire safety rules (doors in the kitchen ).

In the manufacture of windows and doors, extremely high-quality sheet glass with a thickness of 6 mm and high-quality wood are used to avoid cracks and slots during operation.

Roof and roof.

The roof is a structure that protects the building from precipitation and is the upper fence of the building. The roof is designed gable, rafter.

Designed hanging rafters are supported by external bearing walls, on which a tuning bar (mauerlat) is fixed.

The rafter system is layered. Rafter legs 200x100mm are supported by a skate run and a mauerlat 200x200mm laid on the outer walls. The pitch of the rafters is 1200mm. To reduce the amount of deflection of rafters under the influence of the weight of the structure, struts and vertical struts are provided. The rafters are attached to the ends of the rafters with dimensions of 100x50 mm in section. Since the wooden roof elements work in a moist and flammable (wiring passes in the attic) environment, they must be treated with antiseptics and flame retardants.

The roof is designed from metal cuttings. It is laid along a grid of bars with a cross section of 50x50mm with a pitch of 250mm.

4.6 Floors.

Flooring is laid on interstage floors or arranged directly on the ground to create the surface that best meets the requirements of comfort. A person's leg constantly touches the floor. Its surface is systematically subjected to mechanical influences due to the circulation of people, the movement of furniture, and the rearrangement of engineering equipment. The color and floor pattern are used to decorate the interior.

It is necessary to have an even, smooth, but not sliding floor surface that can be cleaned well from dust and dirt. Flooring should help create healthy living conditions in the apartment.

There are a lot of physiological requirements for the material of the floors: lack of toxicity, limited static electrification, bactericidity of the materials, dust repellent ability.

Depending on the purpose of the spaces and their location on the floors, different floor designs are used.

In sanitary units, showers, bathrooms in case of violation of normal operation of installed devices or improper use of them, intensive moistening of the floor is possible. In the basement floors, groundwater can seep through the walls and floor. Therefore, the floors in these places should have the necessary waterproofness and water resistance, so as a coating I recommend using ceramic tiles or mosaic coating (terrazzo).

4.8 External and internal finishes

The exterior of the building is mainly determined by the style of its exterior decoration. The design provides for finishing of external walls with metal siding.

The basement has a gray color and creates a sense of monumentality of the structure, gives the building some elegance, expressiveness .

The windows of the building are painted with beige water repellent enamel, and the front door with blue water repellent enamel, these colors are perfectly combined with the color of the walls of the cottage .

Finishing the surface of internal walls and partitions consists in their plastering with cement sand mortar with a layer of thickness of 15 mm. The surface of the plaster can be glued with paper wallpaper or liquid wallpaper can be applied, decorative plastering (with various shapes) and colored whitening of the surfaces of walls and partitions are also possible. In the bathroom, the surface of the walls, like the floors, is finished with ceramic tiles. It serves as a waterproofing of the walls required due to the high humidity in this room, and is easily washed, which allows you to observe the hygiene of the bathroom.

The rooms use suspended ceilings of various textures. The exception is the hall where the ceilings whiten.

Interior decoration determines the interior of the building and can be made in various styles, depending on the customer's desire. Moreover, it is possible to change it during the period of operation of a residential building.

Engineering equipment

Engineering equipment of the building includes water supply, sewerage, wiring, low-current systems, gas supply and heating system.

Power supply of the building is carried out from the general power grid. Wiring in the designed building is carried out before plastering the internal walls and partitions and is attached by means of special fasteners to the building structures. If necessary, holes for electric wire in walls and floors are drilled.

The sewerage system of the building is connected to the central city sewerage network.

Water supply is carried out from a common water supply. Water is supplied in the kitchen to the mixer and in the bathroom to the mixer and the drain tank.

Gas supply is provided from external gas network. Gas columns located in the kitchen and bathroom are designed to heat the water entering the bathroom and kitchen.

The building heating system consists of pipes and heating batteries through which water circulates. Such a heating system is called central. Heating batteries are located in all rooms and run along the exterior walls of the building on both floors.

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