Job Instruction for Dugout Works

Contents

Contents

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Source Data

1. Introduction

2. Determination of excavation scope

2.1. Calculation of pit volumes

2.2. Trench Volume Calculation

2.3. Calculation of soil shortage volumes

2.4. Definition of Scope of Work for Area Planning

3. Selection of methods and sets of machines

3.1 . Preselection of master machine for area layout by technical parameters

3.2 . Preselection of master machine

3.3 . Selection of set by technical parameters

3.4 . Soil transportation

4. Calculation of capacity of main and component machines

4.1. Bulldozer operating capacity

4.2. Stapler Performance

4.3. Excavator performance

4.4. Performance of the roller

4.5. Operating capacity of the ripper

5. Costing and Payroll

6. Artificial lowering of groundwater

7. Excavation in winter

8. Safety measures

List of literature

1. Introduction

As the volume of capital construction grows, the volume of earthworks, calculated in billions of cubic meters per year, inevitably increases. The successful implementation of such a large amount of earthworks is possible due to the constant increase in the improvement of the mechanization fleet, the use of progressive methods of organizational and technical construction.

The mechanization of land work in construction is determined by SNIP 14176, on the basis of which the correct selection of machines is carried out. The master is selected from the set of machines, in accordance with the parameters of which the entire set of machines is determined and a work design is developed.

1. Excavation in winter

Excavation in winter conditions is associated with significant difficulties due to the fact that the water in the pores of the soil freezes at a negative temperature, thereby increasing mechanical strength, resistance to cutting and digging of the soil. Therefore, in winter conditions, traditional technological techniques practiced in the development of non-frozen soils turn out to be ineffective.

The technology of excavation in winter conditions requires the adoption of special measures aimed at ensuring the possibility of soil development at minimum material and labor costs.

Methods of excavation and soil preparation in winter conditions can be divided into four groups:

• Loosening of frozen soil for its subsequent development in loose state;

• Soil development in frozen condition without pre-treatment;

• Thawing of frozen soil with subsequent development of melted soil;

• Protection of soil from freezing.

To prevent soil from freezing, a heat-insulating layer is created on its surface, which can be either a layer of soil loose to a certain depth, or a coating arranged from heat-insulating material.

Loosening of frozen soil is carried out by crushing the frozen layer with various mechanisms (special hammers, cutting machines) or by plowing and subsequent harrowing.

To thaw frozen soil, methods of warm influence on soil (fire, reflecting furnace, steam and water needles, electrode heating, etc.) are used. Thermal influence can be exerted both through the open surface of the soil and from the inside, by heating the soil from wells drilled in frozen soil.

Frozen soil can be developed by existing earth-moving machines by breaking into a frozen crust of a certain thickness. Single bucket excavators with buckets with a capacity of 0.5... 0.65 m3 can break into a frozen crust up to 25 cm thick and up to 40 cm with a bucket capacity of 1... 2m3. at the same time, the operational productivity of earth-moving machines is significantly reduced.

8. Safety measures (in accordance with SNIP Sh-L.P.70)

1. Slope of pit slopes and trenches 1:1 (A: B).

2. Excavations developed in places where there is movement of people and transport should be limited.

3. To lower workers into pits, trenches, ladders with a width of at least 0.75 m with railings are arranged.

4. Soil from the excavation shall be placed at a distance of not less than 0.5m from the excavation.

5. The serviceability of all systems and mechanisms must be checked before the start of all operations, and work platforms are prepared for their installation.

6. During operation of the excavator, workers are forbidden to be under the boom or bucket, to perform any work on the side of the face.

7. Soil loading by the excavator of the dump truck shall be carried out from the rear or side side.

8. Monitor the state of excavation, slopes. In case of cracks and other signs of collapse, it is necessary to suspend operations, bring workers to a safe place and apply measures to prevent collapse.

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