Gas supply to Megatitan and Absolut shopping centers

Contents

Introduction

1. GENERAL PART

1.1.From Data

1.2.Recipitation of Design Location

2. SPECIAL PART

2.1.Computed characteristics of gaseous fuel

2.2. Calculation of fuel combustion characteristics

2.3.Teplotechnical calculation

2.4.Determination of main heat losses through fences

2.5.Determination of additional heat losses

2.6. Gas equipment selection

2.7. Determination of gas flow rate

2.8.Hydraulic calculation of medium pressure external gas pipeline

2.9. Hydraulic calculation of internal house gas pipeline

2.10.Compute and select pressure regulator for GRPP

2.11.Chimney calculation

2.12.Operating, maintaining gas instruments, equipment and pipelines

2.13. Operation and repair of domestic gas pipelines

2.14.Protection of gas pipelines against corrosion

2.15.Gas instruments and their maintenance

2.16.Technology and organization of installation works

2.17. Composition and purpose of the schedule

3. LABOR PROTECTION

3.1.Protection of labor

3.2.Safe rules when operating on gas restaurants and domestic stoves

3.3. Operation of gas floor boilers and water heaters

3.4.Protection of the environment

4. ECONOMIC PART

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Economic calculation

4.4.Economic efficiency

Conclusion

List of literature used

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix B

Appendix D

Appendix D

Appendix E

Introduction

The purpose of the diploma project: gasification of the Megatitan shopping complex and the Absolut shopping center. Megatitan is not only a shopping center, it is also a center of entertainment and wellness. The main area of ​ ​ the shopping complex is occupied by a trading hall, most of the first floor of the right wing, occupied by a warehouse with a kitchen. On the second floor there are administrative rooms, kitchens, warehouses, a billiard room, as well as the Cowboy restaurant. The third floor is occupied by an aerobics hall, a gym, a steam room, a washing room, locker rooms, hairdressers, massage booths, offices of the director and a trainer-consultant. There are also administrative premises located in the northern part of the complex .

The first floor of the Absolute shopping center is occupied by premises: a trading room and a kitchen. The second floor is completely occupied by warehouses, and the third floor is occupied by the administration .

Both supermarkets are the largest of their kind in the city of Ulan-Ude (Megatitan volume - 48104.6m3; "Absolute" - 34766.3m3) and a large amount of energy is needed to heat them. Gasification of both supermarkets will reduce the cash cost of heating, giving more opportunities for its improvement.

The following calculations will be made in this diploma project:

Calculation of heat losses of the building;

Calculation of gas flow rate;

Hydraulic calculation of medium pressure gas pipeline;

Calculation and selection of equipment;

Hydraulic calculation of the internal house gas pipeline;

Chimney calculation;

Calculation of economic efficiency.

1.1.From Data

For the gasification of Megatitan and Absolute, as well as for the necessary calculations, the following data are available:

Plot Plan -/Appendix A/;

Gas passport -/Appendix B/;

Design site - Ulan-Ude;

Ground freezing depth - 3.6 m;

The temperature of the coldest five-day period is 370C;

The areas of gasified objects (Megatitan and Absolut) are 5608 and 3375 m2, respectively;

Number of floors of gasified objects - 3 floors each;

Electrical appliances: restaurant stove EP4ZHSE 65kW; household 4-block plate BEKO CSS 56000 GW 9kW;

The heating period is 8 months;

Cost for 1 kW of electricity - 5.2 rubles;

Cost per 1 m3 of hot water - 102.5 rubles;

Cost for heating 1 m2 - 75 rubles;

1.2.Recipitation of Design Location

Location - the Republic of Buryatia, the city of Ulan-Ude .

The city of Ulan-Ude (until 1934 Verkhneudinsk) is the administrative center of the republic (since 1923). It is located in southeastern Siberia on the banks of the Selenga and Uda rivers. The city is located in a mountain depression at an altitude of 500800 m above sea level. In the vicinity of Ulan-Ude, ridges rise - Hamar-Daban, UlanBurgas and Tsagan Daban.

The climate is sharply continental. The hottest month - July (+25.8) wasps, the coldest - January (17.6) wasps. Absolute maximum of temperatures (+39.7) wasps, absolute minimum - (54.4) wasps, temperature of the coldest five-day week is (37) wasps, duration of the cold period of year of 237 days with the average daily air temperature (10.6) wasps. The depth of ground freezing is 3.6 m. There is also a very motley soil cover .

The Megatitan shopping complex is located in the eastern part of the city, at the address: ul. Botanicheskaya, 7a, in the immediate vicinity of the liquefied gas receiving station (PRSSG). The building has three floors, a parking lot, an area of ​ ​ 3840 m2, as well as buildings of household buildings. The complex is located on a gentle slope, the facade is strictly south. Nearby are also Mokhovaya and N. Petrov streets .

The Absolute shopping center is located 177 meters northeast of the Megatitan shopping complex, at 1a N. Petrova. Three floors of the shopping center are located on the slope. "Absolute" has the shape of a not regular polygon, having a facade facing south, as well as a convenient parking lot, with an area of ​ ​ 1650 m2.

Many minibuses pass through the streets of N. Petrov and Botanicheskaya, allowing residents of Ulan-Ude to easily reach the largest shopping centers.

Being in close proximity, both shopping centers enjoy inexhaustible demand among citizens.

2.6. Gas equipment selection

Gasification of Megatitan and Absolut facilities provides for the replacement of previously standing electrical appliances with similar gas ones.

Heat losses of both gasified objects should be replenished to provide comfortable conditions for workers and for visitors to shopping centers, a restaurant, a fitness club and a billiard room.

To replenish heat losses, the boiler capacity must be greater than the heat loss value. For the Megatitan shopping complex, whose heat losses are 278.99 kW, the EDENA 4 Progress boiler, the French company Chapee, was selected. This boiler has a capacity of 281, 5 kW.

For the Absolute shopping center, the BAXI Power boiler, an Italian company with a capacity of 150 kW, is selected, while the heat loss of the Absolute is 144.85 kW.

Gas boiler EDENA 4 Progress and BAXI Power HT are the heating source for gasified facilities. Having the necessary power that allows to cover the heat loss of the building, these boilers are a combination of safety, efficiency and economy.

The Baxi POWER HT floor boiler has a capacity of 150 kW. POWER HT boilers are characterized by high processability, compact size, reliability. Burner, heat exchanger and combustion chamber are made of stainless steel. The Baxi POWER HT boiler has a smooth power control, integrated weather-dependent automation. Baxi POWER HT boilers can be combined into a cascade, so you can get a powerful boiler room in a small area.

Gas boilers are equipped with gas venting devices and gravitators, which cut off the gas supply to the burner in case of traction failure. At the top of the apparatus there is a gas discharge device through which combustion products are directed to the chimney, and at the bottom branch pipes for connecting gas and water supply.

Boilers have a number of protective functions that provide protection and reliability of use in the event of unexpected changes in supply systems connected to it. To do this, the water heater is equipped with sensors that protect it from failure, stopping the gas supply to the burner in the following cases:

No water flow;

The flame on the burner went out;

There is no traction in the chimney;

Water heating over 70 ° С.

2.12.Operating, maintaining gas instruments, equipment and pipelines

Acceptance of gas equipment for operation, commissioning and start-up of gas in household gas appliances

The newly installed gas pipelines and gas instruments are subject to special acceptance prior to commissioning. Operation of gas pipeline and gas equipment without acceptance is prohibited.

House gas equipment is accepted by a specialized commission consisting of representatives of:

Customer

Gas economy;

Gosgortekhnadzor;

Contractor.

At acceptance of gas equipment of the gasified object of the acceptance commission the following documents are submitted:

Approved project;

Deviations from the project;

Quality certificates for pipes;

Quality certificates for electrodes/welding wire or certificates of their belonging to the certificate lot;

Technical passports for gas devices;

Copies of diplomas/certificates of welders.

During the commissioning of the installed gas equipment, representatives of the construction and installation organization, the gas economy, as well as the institutions in charge of the gasified facility are present.

The responsible engineer and technician shall check the compliance of the gas pipeline with the design and as-built documentation before acceptance of the gas pipeline.

During external inspection, it is checked whether there are any mechanical damages on the gas pipeline, whether the gas pipeline is painted everywhere, whether there are plugs or plugs, or whether the gas pipeline is strengthened everywhere.

The attention of the commission is paid to the fixtures and the location of gas pipelines in relation to the walls and to their closure at the intersection with the floors and walls.

The serviceability of cranes, gates which have to be in working order is surely checked. The quality of the gas equipment installation is also checked. They must be securely installed and reinforced.

Boilers and slabs must be supported by the entire area of ​ ​ supports, and water heaters must be well attached to the walls, have a strictly vertical position and a good installation. Walls shall be inspected for instruments to be protected from fire.

Inspection starts from the introduction of the gas pipeline into the building, and continues up to the devices that check completeness and serviceability. Special attention should be paid to the serviceability of the cranes on the gas pipelines .

The gas is launched by a team of qualified workers, headed by an engineering and technical worker. Workers shall have the right of admission to gas hazardous works.

The start is carried out in the daytime. Persons who will use gas devices are instructed by representatives of the operational organization before launch.

A gas-hazardous work order is issued for gas start-up.

Locksmiths must have a serviceable tool that is lubricated with oil or slowed down (to prevent spark), as well as all other necessary accessories.

Before gas start-up, check air pressure of 5000 Pa is tested. The purpose of pressure testing is to establish the tightness of the gas pipeline, cranes and instruments. Holding under pressure is carried out for 5 minutes, if the pressure during this time does not exceed 200 Pa, then it is possible to start the gas directly.

After pressurization, the pipeline is purged with gas to remove air from the system. Before blowing all valves on instruments and before instruments are closed. When the gas pipeline is purged, the gas-air mixture is discharged through the furthest and highest section of the gas pipeline.

The hose is connected to the disconnected clamp after the crane at the bottom to the device. Its end is lowered through a window into the courtyard. In the room where the blowdown occurs, there should be only those who produce it.

End of blowing: the end of the hose is immersed in a bucket of soap water. Then this bucket is removed from the zone of possible gas content, and ignited. Combustion without cotton indicates that there is no air in the gas pipeline, and if cotton is observed, then purging continues.

During blowing, use of electrical appliances, smoking or putting open fire in the room is prohibited.

After blowing, the locksmiths turn on the gas devices, simultaneously checking the pressure before the devices, and hang swivel keys on the valves before the devices. After adjustment of burners and automation, all threaded connections are checked for density .

Additional instruction is also given to consumers, who are issued with rules for using gas devices with addresses and emergency service phones under receipt.

2.13. Operation and repair of domestic gas pipelines

The task of maintenance and preventive repair is to keep the gas pipelines and structures on them in a state that ensures safe operation and uninterrupted supply of consumers.

Internal gas pipelines include: risers and dilution gas pipelines. When passing through the external walls of the building, it is enclosed in a case - a piece of pipe of a slightly larger diameter .

At the points where the pipes intersect the intermediate floors, they are also laid in the cases so that its lower end coincides with the lower plane of the overlap, and the upper one is 5 cm higher than the floor. This is done to prevent water from entering the case. Annular space between pipe and case is filled with ground strand and bitumen.

When gas pipeline is crossed with electric wires, rubber tubes protruding 10 cm to both sides of gas pipeline are installed on the latter in this place. The distance from the wires to the gas pipeline running along them must be at least 10 cm (if rubber tubes are available - 5 cm).

The riser and accessories to the instruments are mounted on welding; threaded connections are allowed only in places of fittings installation and instrument connection.

Gas pipelines are laid openly, it is not allowed to plug gas pipelines into walls during operation. To prevent corrosion, gas ducts should be painted with oil paint. Prevention of corrosion increases service life of gas pipeline.

The use of gas pipelines as supports or their use as hangers is not allowed. Gas pipelines shall be free for inspection and securely attached to walls or floors.

During visual inspection, it is not always possible to determine the state of the gas pipeline. Therefore, to determine the physical state of the pipes, they are pierced. In serviceable pipes, during impacts, a characteristic metal ringing is heard. Gas pipelines that are highly corrosive make a blind sound and sometimes break through. Such pipes shall be replaced.

Gas risers are laid vertically. It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines through ventilation ducts, shafts and chimneys.

Gas ducts are allowed to be placed in the outer wall, provided they are insulated from the outer side of the wall so as to avoid condensation of water vapors contained in combustion products.

To ensure good traction, gas ducts should be made smooth from the inside, straight and vertical. It is permissible to remove gas ducts at an angle from vertical to 300, while the displacement of the gas duct to the side should not be more than 1 m.

The action of the wind can worsen the thrust, to prevent this, the heads of the gas ducts are brought 0.5 m above the skate of the building. The height of the gas duct tip depends on the distance between the skate and the gas duct. With a distance of 1.53 m, then the head goes level with the skate. If the distance is greater than 3 m, then the tip is brought to a height intersecting with a straight line drawn from the skate down at an angle of 100 to the horizon. In all cases, the height of the pipe shall not be less than 0.5 m above the adjacent part of the roof.

For proper operation of chimneys and safe use of gas devices, it is necessary to monitor chimneys. They need to be cleaned and checked, because during operation they are clogged with garbage.

Instruments with gas duct are connected by means of pipes made of roofing steel, diameter is not less than diameter of instrument branch pipe. Horizontal sections should be laid with a slope towards the device of at least 0.01 m, and such an attachment should be installed that does not allow the pipe to bend.

After the gas ducts are erected, they are checked for traction; gas duct density and isolation; correct location of the gas duct, relative to the roof.