Exchange Rate ViV TGSV

Source Data

Typical floor variant of building 8

Plot Plan Variant 1

Building storey 4

Water consumption rate, 190

Floor height, 3.0

Floor thickness 0.3

Basement height, 2.5

Elevation of the ground surface of the building site, 65.0

Elevation of the surface of the earth at the well of the city water supply, 65.0

Diameter of the city water supply, 200

Guaranteed head in the city water supply network, 25

Elevation of the surface of the earth at the well of the city sewerage system, 65.0

Tray elevation in city sewage pit, 61.2

Diameter of the city sewage system, 400

Zero isotherm penetration depth, 1.8

Introduction

All types of buildings under construction in sewerage areas have internal water supply and sewerage systems.

Internal water supply

Internal water supply systems.

Internal water supply systems are designed to supply water from the external water supply network and distribute it among consumers inside the building. Depending on the temperature of the transported water, cold and hot water supply systems are distinguished. Internal water supply systems can be divided into domestic, fire, industrial and irrigation.

The choice of water supply system in the building depends on its purpose. For example, in buildings with a height of up to 12 floors, only household drinking water and irrigation water supply are arranged, from 12 to 16 floors - a combined household drinking water supply, fire fighting and irrigation water supply.

Elements and diagrams of internal water supply systems.

The internal cold water supply systems consist of the following main components: inlet, water metering unit, installation for increasing the pressure (if required) of spare and control vessels (if required), internal water supply network, shut-off and water discharge valves.

Water inputs.

The inlet pipe is connected to the external network in the structure to the existing or newly installed shaped part (tee, spider). If the diameter of the inlet is less than 1/3 of the diameter of the pipe of the external network, the connection can be carried out using couplings. To protect the pipeline from damage or settlement of the building, there must be a gap of at least between the pipe and the foundation of the building. A gland is installed into this gap, which prevents groundwater from entering the basement rooms of the building.

Water metering units.

The water metering unit is usually installed inside the building after the first capital wall. It consists of the counter of water (hydrometer), the device for its check (control spusknoy the crane) and latches and gates. For accuracy of readings before and after the meter there shall be straight sections of pipe length not less than at meter diameter and length at larger diameter. A connector is provided after the counter to connect the pressure gauge.

Water metering units with a bypass line are designed at one entry into the building, as well as in a combined domestic fire water supply, when the meter is not designed to pass the fire flow. Gate valve sealed in closed state is installed on bypass line.

Pressure raising units.

The pressure increasing plants create an additional pressure to the guaranteed pressure in the external network and provide the required pressure in the water supply system at the calculated flow rate. Typically, centrifugal pumps are used to increase the pressure in the internal water supply network. Working and standby pumps are installed to ensure uninterrupted operation. The grade and number of working units are determined by calculation depending on the amount of supplied water and the value of the missing head in the internal water supply network. The smallest number of units in the pump unit must be at least two - one operating and one standby.

Water supply networks of buildings.

Water supply networks of buildings distribute water among consumers. They should be of minimum length and supply water to the main consumers in the shortest way. The main element of the water supply network is pipes made of steel, plastic or cast iron. Steel pipes were most widely used for the installation of internal water supply systems.

Determination of estimated water flow rates.

To ensure uninterrupted operation of the network, it is necessary to count on its most unfavorable mode of operation. This is the system's maximum flow rate. The water network of the building is calculated to pass the maximum second water consumption, which can be determined by formulas.

Internal sewer

Internal sewage systems.

The sewage system is designed to remove contaminants from the building generated during sanitary and hygienic procedures, economic and production activities, as well as atmospheric and meltwater. According to the purpose, alloy sewage systems are divided into household, industrial and internal drains. Sewerage systems of the building include sanitary devices (sewage receivers), hydraulic locks and sewerage network.

Sewer network.

The internal sewerage network consists of branch pipelines, risers, outlets, exhaust part, cleaning devices. Networks are usually mounted from sewage cast iron pipes connected by means of funnels. Plastic pipes are widely used to transport household risers. Pipes are connected by bell joint. Sometimes an adhesive, welded or coupling joint is used. Risers are provided in places of concentration of sewage receivers. They are arranged so that the length of the discharge pipes is minimal. Risers are laid vertically with minimum number of bends and indents. In residential buildings, risers are usually placed behind or on the side of the toilet in a sanitary unit. The riser in the lower part is smoothly attached to the outlet. The outlets are generally arranged on one side of the building perpendicular to the outer walls so that the length of the line connecting the risers is minimal.

Network cleaning devices are designed to eliminate clogging. They are performed in the form of revisions and cleans.

Yard sewer network.

The yard sewage network receives drains from one or more houses and takes them to the city or intra-quarter network. The pipelines of the yard network, as a rule, are laid parallel to the building in the direction of the city or intra-quarter pipeline so that the direction of movement of the risers coincides with the slope of the terrain. The length of the yard network should be minimal.

The distance between the yard network and other communications is taken in accordance with the SNiPs at the design of master plans. Lateral connections and turns of the route should be made at least at angles, since when connecting at an acute angle, opposite flows are created, precipitation occurs and pipes are clogged. Yard sewerage network is laid from ceramic, asbestos cement and concrete pipes. Cast iron pipes are used under special conditions (permafrost, subsidence soils, etc.).

List of literature

SNiP 2.04.0185 * Internal water supply and sewerage.

Shevelev F.A. Tables for hydraulic calculation of water pipes.

Kedrov V.S., Lovtsov E.N. Sanitary equipment of buildings.

Palgunov P.P. Sanitary and technical devices and gas supply of buildings.

Olin Yu.A. Coursovoe and graduate design for sanitary and technical devices and gas supply of buildings.

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