Excavator planner

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

1 Calculation of the planner excavator equipment

1.1 Calculation of masses of excavator mechanisms

1.2 Calculation of the main workload

1.3 Calculation of main operating mechanisms

1.4 Calculation of boom rotation mechanism

1.5 Geometric and strength calculations of open spur gear of boom rotation mechanism

1.6 Calculation of key connection of gear with boom

1.7 Traction calculation

1.8 Static calculation

1.9 Calculation of excavator capacity of the scheduler

2 Technology of construction production

2.1 Slant Planning Process

2.2 Determination of techno-economic indicators

3 Automation of construction equipment

3.1 Automation of the machine and process control system

4 Technical Safety

4.1 Types and periodicity of maintenance of the scheduler excavator

4.2 Preparation for Maintenance

4.3 List of works

4.4 General Safety Requirements

4.5 Safety requirements before starting operation

4.6 Safety requirements during operation

4.7 Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.8 Safety requirements upon completion of operation

List of literature

Introduction

Excavator - the main and universal type of excavation machines equipped with a bucket. The main purpose is the development of soils (rocks, minerals) and the loading of bulk materials from stacks. The main difference between a single-bucket excavator and other excavating machines is that excavation (excavation) of soil (material from the stack) is carried out by a movable working tool at

fixed landing gear. Turning the ladle for unloading is also carried out with a standing machine. Multi-tower excavators can move during the collection of soil (trenchers, for example) but buckets are necessarily moved separately from the chassis. A feature of excavators is a wide range of replaceable equipment - not only different buckets, but also arrows, handles, lump masts, as well as actual working tools (exhumation buckets, loading buckets, grapple two- and multi-lace, rippers, hooks).

Excavators-planners.

Excavators-planners are universal hydraulic full-turn machines of the fourth dimension group, the main working movement of which is the extension and retraction of a telescopic boom with a full-turn bucket when digging, planning and transporting soil in the bucket after excavation. These machines develop soils of I-III categories and are characterized by a small size height, which allows them to be effectively used in cramped conditions of urban development, in inaccessible places and closed rooms, in particular for the development of soil under bridges, at the intersection of underground communications, during their repair and in emergency situations, inside buildings and structures; for grinding of bottom and vertical walls of trenches and pits; filling and leveling of soil for floors, foundations and underground channels; filling the sinuses of foundations, trenches and pits; feeding materials through openings in walls for low floor, etc.

Excavators with telescopic working equipment are widely used on dispersed objects of small volume as universal earth-moving machines. They are most effectively used in the planning of inclined surfaces of channels,

embankments and excavations of earth bed located below the level of excavator parking.

As is known, excavators are the main type of earth-moving loading and unloading machines. But if we take in percentage terms, then there are not so many excavators-planners from the entire variety of models.

The main parts of the excavators-planners (Figure 1A, Appendix A) are: base chassis 1, rotary platform 9 (with power plant located on it, hydraulic drive units, driver's cabin) and telescopic working equipment. Rotary platform rests on running equipment frame through roller support-rotary device. Telescopic working equipment of excavators-planners has a single principle diagram and consists of a telescopic boom of rectangular section, a replaceable working element and mechanisms for extension and retraction of the boom, lifting and lowering of the boom, turning of the bucket relative to its own axis and longitudinal axis of the boom.

Telescopic boom includes two sections - external 5 hinged to rotary platform, and extensible internal 3 carrying replaceable working member 2 at front end.

Hydraulic drive of working equipment provides performance of five working movements: rectilinear movement of working member at change of length of telescopic boom (boom stroke 4.15 m) using a long-running hydraulic cylinder, lifting (by an angle of 0... 30 degrees) and lowering (by angle 0... 70 degrees) of boom in vertical plane by two parallel installed hydraulic cylinders, turning of bucket relative to its suspension axis (by angle 0... 145 degrees) and around the longitudinal axis of the boom (360 degrees). Three of the five working movements can be combined: during planning work ─ extension (retraction) of the boom, its lifting (lowering) and turning of the bucket; at turning to unloading (in the bottom) - boom lifting (lowering), its extension and platform turning .

The main types of earthworks are performed by the following boom and ladle movements:

1) planning and cleaning of inclined surfaces located below the parking level of the machine - by retracting a telescopic boom with correction of the thickness of the shredded chips by a small rotation of the ladle ;

2) cleaning and planning of horizontal surfaces at the level and below the level of excavator parking - by combining lowering and retraction of the boom with periodic correction of the bucket position ;

3) cleaning and refinement of side (inclined and vertical) surfaces of earthworks when the excavator is located along the axis of the structure (for example, in trenches) - by retracting a telescopic boom and turning the working member relative to the longitudinal axis of the boom by an angle.

A distinctive feature of this technique is a telescopic boom with mounted equipment rotating around its axis. In this case, the rotation of the hinged can occur both due to the rotary mechanism located on the boom, and due to the rotation of the boom itself around its axis. This makes the machines universal and allows you to perform excavation work, which neither a conventional excavator with hinged-lever working equipment nor a grader can cope with. These machines can clean and plan slopes, embankments more than 2.5 m high, work under bridges and in other places limited in height, "jewelry"

dig under pipes and communications, dig pits at right angles, etc.

With all the advantages of telescopic excavators, they are quite complex, expensive and rare equipment, which makes their production relatively unattractive.

Replaceable working equipment variants (Figure 2A, Annex A)

Excavation buckets 1, 2, 3 with teeth with a capacity of 0.63; 0,4; 0.18 m3, width 1.0; 0,73; 0.4 m, respectively; excavation ladle - 4, lightweight, volume 0.8 m3, width 1.35 m; planning ladle - 5, with a capacity of 0.4 m3 and a width of 2.5 m; profile ladle - 6; trench ladle - 7; planning dump - 8; layout board - 9, toothpick - 10, glue grip - 11; brickman - 12; boom extension - 13; skating rink - 14.

Due to its versatility, this type of earth-moving equipment allows you to mechanize earthworks in places where the use of specialized equipment is impossible or impractical.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the work, an excavator planner with a telescopic boom with a capacity of 56.875 m3 was designed. Traction calculation and selection of the base machine was carried out, the boom rotation unit around the axis was worked out, design documentation for the main elements of the machine working equipment design was developed, the excavator operation process diagram was developed when planning the earth embankment slopes, calculations of the main technical and economic indicators were made, the automation section of the construction equipment introduced the "Avtoplan1" system, which allows automating the operation of the machine when planning slopes. Maintenance and safety regulations have been developed. The proposed structure is a universal machine and can perform both works related to planning and profiling of slopes, as well as conventional excavation and loading and unloading operations.