Diploma thesis installation of hydrotreatment of gasoline catalytic cracking

Contents

Introduction

1 Analytical overview of the state of the problem with the elements of the patent study

1.1 Problem of oil raw material processing and necessity of its deep processing

1.2 Characteristics of hydrotreating process

1.3. Hydrocracking Chemism

1.3.1 Selective Hydrogenation Section

1.3.2 Desulphurization section

1.4. Effect of basic parameters on the process

1.4.1 Selective Hydrogenation Section

1.4.2 Desulphurization section

1.5. Hydrotreating Catalysts Overview

2 Process section

2.1 Characteristics of raw materials and manufactured products

2.2 Process Diagram Description

2.2.1 Selective Hydrogenation Section

2.2.2 Fractionation column section

2.2.3 Hydrodesulfurization section

2.2.4 IEA purification unit for hydrogen-containing gas

2.2.5 Stabilization Column Unit

2.3 Material and thermal calculations of the process

2.3.1 Material calculations of the process

2.3.2 Process Thermal Calculations

2.4 Selection and calculation of main and auxiliary process equipment

2.4.1 Selection of hydrotreating reactor

2.4.2 Mechanical calculation of hydrotreating reactor

2.4.3 Calculation of heat exchange equipment

2.4.4 Pump calculation and selection

3 Automation of production

3.1 Substantiation of parameters subject to control and regulation

3.2 Selection of automatic monitoring and control devices

3.2.1 Selection of instrument system

3.2.2 Sensor selection

3.2.3 Selection of secondary devices

3.2.4 Selection of regulators

3.2.5 Selection of actuators and regulators

3.2.6 Calculation of measurement error

3.3 Development of functional diagram of object automation

3.3.1 Procedure for development of functional diagram

3.3.2 Description of operation of automation functional diagram

4 Occupational Safety and Safety Measures

4.1 Occupational safety measures

4.1.1 Analysis of potentially hazardous and harmful production factors, fire and explosion hazard of catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment plant

4.1.2 Engineering measures to ensure process safety

4.1.3 Engineering Solutions for Sanitary and Hygienic Working Conditions

4.1.4 Residential buildings and premises of industrial enterprises

4.1.5 Technical solutions ensuring explosion and fire safety of the facility

4.2 Life Safety Measures

4.2.1 Analysis of potential sources of emergencies

4.2.2 Forecast assessment of the extent of chemical contamination of the facility and its adjacent area in case of emergency

4.2.3 Quantitative assessment of explosion hazard of production equipment

4.2.4 Calculation of engineering protection of shop personnel (facility) in case of emergency

4.2.5 Measures aimed at prevention and reduction of personnel losses from the occurrence of emergency situations

5 Environmental protection measures

5.1 General Part

5.2 Process Solution Analysis

5.4 Protection of surface and groundwater from pollution and depletion

5.5 Protection of the environment from pollution by production wastes

6 Quality control and metrological production support

7 Economic section

7.1 Product Description, Market Evaluation, Competitors and Marketing Strategy

7.2 Justification of production capacity of the workshop and calculation of production capacity

plan

7.3 Calculation of capital investments (investments) for the construction of the workshop

7.4 Calculation of production cost

7.4.1 Calculation of raw materials, materials and energy resources cost

7.4.2 Calculation of labor costs of the workshop personnel

7.5 Enterprise Cost Planning

7.6 Calculation of valuation of investment results

new workshop construction project

7.6.1. Calculation of net profit from sales of products

7.6.2 Calculation of net discounted income (NER)

7.6.3 Definition of a payback period, profitability of investments and products

Conclusion

List of literature used

List of graphic and illustrative material

Paper

The explanatory note contains 111 pages, 6 figures, 39 tables, 42 literary sources.

HYDROTREATING, HYDROBESSURING, HYDROGENATION, CATALYTIC CRACKING GASOLINE, STABLE GASOLINE, CATALYST, MONOETHANOLAMINE, HYDROTREATING REACTOR, DESIGN.

The purpose of the work is the project of the catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment unit at OJSC Mozyr Refinery.

An analytical review of the state of the problem with the elements of the patent study was carried out, which presents the characteristics of the hydrotreating process of catalytic cracking gasoline.

The characteristics of raw materials and manufactured products are given. Process flow chart is described, justification of made decision on selection of process flow chart is given. The material balance of the plant and the thermal balance of the reactor unit of hydrodesulfurization are calculated. Calculation of hydrotreating reactor is presented, calculation of auxiliary equipment is performed.

Functional diagram of reactor unit automation has been developed. Parameters to be controlled and controlled are defined. Primary and secondary instruments, actuators and computers are selected for the implementation of the process diagram.

Engineering measures have been developed to ensure the safety of the technological process and sanitary and hygienic working conditions, technical solutions to ensure the explosion and fire safety of the facility, measures aimed at preventing and reducing personnel losses from the occurrence of emergencies.

The characteristics of emissions, discharges and wastes affecting the atmosphere and hydrosphere, sanitary and toxicological characteristics of substances that are present in emissions, wastewater and waste are given. Environmental protection measures have been developed.

Quality indicators of raw materials and products for which control is carried out, as well as equipment for its implementation, are given.

The economic justification for the construction of this plant is presented.

Introduction

In the 3040s of the last century, the oil industry did not need to produce high-quality products using hydrogen. However, by the middle of the 20th century, the increase in the production of sulfurous and high-sulfur oil, as well as the tightening of environmental requirements for the resulting oil products, served to develop the hydrotreating process.

The main objective of this process is to remove heteroatomic compounds, including sulfur-containing components, in hydrogen medium and in the presence of catalysts. The raw materials in hydrogenation processes can be both light fractions of oil processing (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel) and heavy (vacuum gas oil, oil oils).

Despite the fact that the resulting gasoline contains the main part of sulfur-containing compounds, it is usually sent directly to the commercial fleet. However, the main problem of the resulting product is its non-compliance with the modern EURO-5 standard for environmental indicators, which is expressed in the high content of sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, alkyl substituted thiophenes, thiophenols and benzothiophenes.

Unlike straight-run gasoline, the removal of sulfur from catalytic cracking gasoline is complex and contradictory, since the desired result in the production of high-octane gasoline with a minimum sulfur content. Given this complexity, as well as the difficulty in developing and selecting catalysts, determining process parameters and applying the process scheme, a large number of installations of the process of hydrodepositing products of secondary oil refining processes have been developed.

The developers of such technology are the following companies "Axens" (France), "ExxonMobil" (USA), CD TECH (USA). For example, Axens developed a catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment technology with a high gasoline yield and the lowest octane loss, called Prime G +. The process is characterized by a high degree of desulfurization, easy hydrogenation of olefins..

Conclusion

1. Based on the analysis of the literature, it was found that the most optimal option for the hydrotreating process of catalytic cracking gasoline is the hydrotreating option with the preliminary hydrogenation of the plant raw materials and its further separation into light and heavy parts, and after hydrodesulfurization in a reactor with a stationary catalyst bed at a process pressure of 3.85 MPa, a temperature of 240 ° C, which will produce gasoline fuel standard K-5.

2. Requirements for the quality of raw materials supplied to hydrocracking and products formed have been developed. The process diagram of the single-pass two-stage hydrocracking process has been developed. Material balance is calculated, where consumption factors and flow rates of by-pass flows of hydrogen-containing gas are established, hydrotreating reactor is calculated. Calculation of auxiliary equipment was carried out: heat exchanger and catalytic cracking gasoline supply pump for hydrotreating.

3. Functional diagram of reactor unit automation has been developed. The controlled parameters are temperature, pressure of the reaction mixture at the inlet and outlet of the reactors, flow rate of the mixture at the inlet to the hydrotreating reactor and HSG. The controlled parameters are the temperature at the inlet and in the catalyst beds of the reactors, the flow rate of the mixture at the inlet to the hydrotreating reactor. Primary and secondary monitoring and automation devices are selected.

4. Analysis of potentially hazardous and harmful production factors, fires and explosion hazard of the designed facility was carried out. Engineering measures have been developed to ensure the safety of the technological process and sanitary and hygienic working conditions, technical solutions that ensure the explosion and fire safety of the facility. Analysis of potential sources of emergencies was carried out, quantitative assessment of explosion hazard of production equipment was given, measures were developed to prevent and reduce losses from emergencies.

5. The characteristics of emissions, discharges and wastes affecting the atmosphere and hydrosphere, sanitary and toxicological characteristics of substances that are present in emissions, wastewater and waste are given. Environmental protection measures have been developed.

6. A quality control system for raw materials and products has been developed: indicators to be controlled have been established, analysis methods and measuring instruments have been selected.

7. Economic calculations were drawn up, on the basis of which it was established that with investments in the amount of 248.37 million rubles, the return period will be 2 years 3 months.