DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Contents

Table of contents

INTRODUCTION

1. INPUT DATA

2. HEAT ENGINEERING CALCULATION OF EXTERNAL ENCLOSURES

3. CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSSES OF HEATED ROOMS

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE HEATING SYSTEM

5. CALCULATION OF ELEVATOR BUSHING

6. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF PIPELINES

7. CALCULATION OF HEATING APPLIANCES

8. VENTILATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

9. AERODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF VENTILATION SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Introduction

Future civil engineers and specialists of operational services need to study the design and principles of calculation of building engineering systems, familiarize themselves with the principle of operation and the design of the main technological equipment of sanitary and technical systems.

The purpose of the work: to assimilate the entire set of requirements that sanitary equipment poses for the construction, and learn to link heat supply and ventilation systems with the architectural, planning and structural solutions of the building.

Coursework tasks:

Select the layout of the residential building heating system;

Carry out a heat engineering calculation, find out the thickness of the external fence of the building;

Calculate the heat losses of the building premises, calculate the amount of heat consumed for heating the infiltrating air, determine household heat emissions, calculate the heat load on heating devices and the total for the building, determine the specific thermal characteristic of the building;

Give a complete description of the building heating system, justify the selection of the system, indicate the places, methods of laying and placing the main elements of the system;

Draw an axonometric diagram of heating and ventilation systems, determine the characteristics of the systems;

Give a description of the ventilation system indicating the elements, device and arrangement.

Description of heating system

4.1 Heating devices

Heating devices are arranged so that they are accessible for inspection and cleaning. They are located mainly under the windows.

Since the building in operation is two-story for heating the staircase, it is possible to install radiators in the lower zone. Heating device is not installed in compartment of tambour with external doors.

No other room fixtures are attached to the stairwell riser. The staircase device is connected to the riser according to a single-tube flow scheme.

4.2 Pipelines

Heating system pipelines are open.

When placing risers of heating devices, the following rules are observed:

- risers with low thermal load are not designed;

- heating of corners of external walls is provided by arrangement of risers in corners formed by external enclosures.

Pipeline main slope is 0.002.

Laying of supply and return pipelines is provided open in the basement.

4.3 Shutoff control valves

Double control valves with increased hydraulic resistance are installed at heating devices of double-tube water heating system.

There is no crane installed in the staircase near the heating device.

Crane is installed on stairwell riser.

To ensure the start-up of the system in parts and to disconnect individual branches for repair, shutoff valves - cranes are installed on the latter.

4.4 Air removal and water lowering

Air removal in the system with lower wiring is carried out by means of air collectors and through special air valves installed in the upper plugs of heating devices of the upper floors.

To discharge water from the risers of the heating system, a T-joint with a plug is installed on the supply and return sections of the risers (at the points of connection to the highways) next to the drain disconnecting cranes.

Description of ventilation system

In the work in the apartment-type house, general exchange natural ventilation with exhaust from sanitary units and kitchens through channels made in the form of gypsum concrete ventilation units is designed. External supply air for compensation of natural exhaust is supplied through looseness of windows and other fences.

The work does not allow connection to one ventilation channel of exhaust grates from the kitchen and restroom, their kitchen and living room, from the bathroom or bathroom and living room.

The area of the rectangular section exhaust channel is not less than 0.02m2.

Arrangement of channels for drawing from separate rooms is made according to the following scheme: drawing by separate channels with combination of channels in the attic.

The size of the attic box (in light) is 200x200mm, and the ratio of its width to height is 1:3.

The assembly conduit ends with the shaft. The mine is located in the highest part of the attic on the side of the stingray facing the courtyard facade.

The height of the shaft above the roof is determined by the distance from the roof (near the pipe) to the bottom of the outlet hole and is 1 m.

The ventilation unit has two prefabricated channels and two satellite channels.

Satellite channels on each floor overlap and on the first floor have a connection to prefabricated channels. Drawing from the last floor is carried out directly through satellite channels without connecting them to prefabricated channels.

Dimensions of ventilation grates: in kitchens 200x250mm, in combined bathrooms 150x200mm. Louver grilles are installed at a distance of 200 mm from the ceiling.

Conclusion

In accordance with the assignment for heading work, a diagram of the heating and ventilation system was developed, and calculations were made of the internal heating system of the residential building with the determination of the calculated heat consumption for heating the building according to the required parameters, pipeline diameters.

The problems of choosing the placement of supply and return lines, risers, heating devices, and control valves were solved. For efficient operation of the heating system, hydraulic calculation of pipelines was carried out and the required diameters of pipelines were determined.

An aerodynamic calculation of the ventilation system was carried out, the required sizes of air ducts were determined for the optimal operation of the ventilation system necessary to maintain the optimal microclimate parameters of the premises of the residential building.

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