Design of football stadium in Achinsk

Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 Initial data

1.1 Climatic conditions of Achinsk

1.2 Assignment Characteristics

1.3 Layout of structural diagram of the building frame

2 Variant Design

2.1 Variant

2.2 Variant

2.3 Feasibility Comparison of Options

3 Thermal engineering calculation of enclosing structures

4 Calculation of structures

4.1 Construction of Coating Glue Plates

4.2 Segment Truss Design

4.3 Calculation of the glue column

5 Calculation of nodes

5.1 Calculation of truss reference assembly

5.2 Calculation of the ridge assembly of the truss

5.3 Calculation of brace joint unit and lower belt

6 Ensuring durability of structures

6.1 Structural measures of protection against humidification and biological destruction

6.2 Structural fire protection measures

6.3 Protection of structures during transportation and storage

7 Patent Studies

CONCLUSION

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Appendix A

INTRODUCTION

The course project is the most effective means of consolidating and deepening the theoretical knowledge obtained during the course "Structures made of wood and plastics."

One of the ways to expand the range of used building structures, products and materials, as well as reduce the metal consumption of construction is the introduction of light structures made of wood and plastics into practice. Wooden structures are outwardly attractive, light, reliable and technological. Currently, the increase in the use of wooden structures is due to the advantages of wood, such as environmental friendliness, low energy intensity and recoverability of forest reserves.

The main objectives of this course project are:

- familiarity with rational areas of application of certain structures made of wood and polymer materials;

- mastering the basic principles of space-planning layout of buildings (structures);

- acquisition of skills for correct establishment of structural and design diagrams of buildings and their individual elements;

- mastering rational algorithms for calculations of structures and their elements to ensure the necessary strength, rigidity and stability of the designed object.

The presented course project includes the following tasks:

select materials for the manufacture of the corresponding elements and structures and assign design resistances, establish the building class, fire resistance degree and operating conditions;

determine the loads acting on the structure and calculate the internal forces arising from this in the structural elements; finish and calculate the enclosing and load-bearing structures of the building, their elements, units and connections;

select the basic principles of building installation and propose measures to ensure its durability, protection of structures from rotting, fire and corrosion; Evaluate the production base of the area - construction area.

Assignment Characteristics

The purpose of the building is sports. The building is a gym designed for mini-football, designed according to [19].

The construction size, area and capacity of sports halls, fitness facilities shall be taken in accordance with the rules of the competition and the regulations on the organization of training sessions.

The size of the places of athletics and playing fields and their marking should be taken in accordance with the rules of the competition.

Building dimensions in plan and height of premises are established depending on game sports and on type of athletics and level of competitions. The minimum height for mini-football is from 8 to 12 m. The building dimensions of the hall are from 30 to 48 m long, 18 to 30 m wide. The throughput during training in the hall, 24 people/shift, and at competitions in the arenas of sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment halls, 48 people/shift.

Bearing and enclosing structures of halls should be calculated taking into account loads from fixed or removable sports equipment attached to them, based on its mass.

The floor surface in the halls shall be horizontal, smooth and non-slip; floor design - elastic, satisfying heat and sound insulation requirements. The payload on the floors of the halls is 400 kg/m2.

In halls intended for sports games with the ball, it should be provided to protect the lamps from damage by the ball.

Optimal for football coverage of the arena (playing fields) is a synthetic lawn that simulates natural grass.

At the sports halls, the following rooms are provided for medical care and first aid for those involved:

doctor's office with an area of ​ ​ 14 to 16 m2;

expected area of ​ ​ 9 m2.

Gym floor covering structures and materials shall comply with fire technical characteristics according to [17]:

for a hall without spectators - similar to floor covering in common corridors and halls - B2, RP2, D3, T2;

for the hall where disabled people are engaged or there are spectators - similar to the floor cover in the lobby - G2, RP2, D2, T2 .

Materials for lining (including acoustic) walls and ceilings in the floor rooms for sports and sports purposes should be taken with the following fire characteristics:

framework for suspended ceilings - NG;

Grid or wall frame - G2 (Including wood racks, chips and fibrous boards treated on all sides with fire retardant paints or varnishes or subjected to deep impregnation with flame retardants.);

lining of walls and ceilings - G3.

In the rooms for physical education and recreation classes, the calculated air temperature in the cold period of the year is taken to be 18 ° С at a relative humidity of 30 to 60%. The temperature inside the locker rooms should be in the range of 20 to 25 ° С (optimal value of 23 ° С).

4 Calculation of structures

4.1 Construction of Coating Glue Plates

The skin consists of sheets of plywood of increased water resistance of FSF grade. The plywood skin has a thickness of 9 mm (seven-layer), in the future it can be changed depending on the size of the panel and the load. Since the length of the panels is taken to be 6 meters, which exceeds the limit length of the plywood sheet, the sheets are joined to each other at a "mustache."

The plate has dimensions in plan:

The width is 1.5 meters, the width of the plates is designed taking into account the standard format of plywood to achieve minimal waste when cutting sheets.

Length - 6 meters. The length is specified by the structural pitch condition. To determine the actual length of the panel, the gap between the plates of 20 mm is taken into account.

The frame of the slabs consists of longitudinal and transverse glued boards - ribs, with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm. Longitudinal - working, continuous along the length of the ribs are placed at a distance of not more than 50 cm from each other from the conditions for the skin to bend from concentrated loads. Transverse stiffeners are placed at a distance of not more than 1.5 m, as a rule, at the junctions of plywood skins and are interrupted at the intersections with longitudinal ribs.

The height of the ribs (thickness) is taken in accordance with the thickness of the insulation and the thickness of the air layer in accordance with [1, p. 9.57]. Ribs are made of glued lumber with size as per GOST [3]. In this case, it is recommended to set the height from 1/30 to 1/40 from the span from the condition of stiffness. We assign nominal edge dimensions based on board milling.

Heat insulation plates are glued to the bottom skin of the panels.

6 Ensuring durability of structures

Ensuring durability of wooden structures includes protection against humidification and biological destruction, protection against fire, as well as protection of metal elements from corrosion.

6.1 Structural measures of protection against humidification and biological destruction

Structural measures of protection against humidification and decay are established by the requirements of SP 64.13330.2017 "Wooden Structures" with item 8.64 as per item 8.82.

Chemical measures to protect wooden structures from corrosion caused by the effects of biological agents include antisepting, preservation, application of paint materials or complex compositions. When exposed to chemical aggressive media, it is necessary to provide coating of structures with paint materials or surface impregnation with complex compositions

Paint all metal structures with two layers of PF115 enamel as per GOST 646576 * on one layer of GF021 primer as per GOST 2412982.

In the areas of wood contact with metal, the protection should be performed with epoxy patch EP0010 as per GOST 1027776.

Materials shall be machined prior to their protective treatment. In all cases where additional machining occurs during the assembly or installation of structures, the damaged protective coating must be restored.

Moisture content of wood intended for impregnation with antiseptics shall not exceed 25%.

6.2 Structural fire protection measures

The federal law of 22.07.2008 "Technical regulations about fire safety requirements" is adopted by N123FZ (an edition of 13.07.2015) for protection of life, health, property of citizens and legal entities, the state and municipal property against the fires, defines basic provisions of technical regulation in the field of fire safety and establishes the general fire safety requirements to subjects to protection (products), including buildings, structures and structures, industrial facilities, fire technical products and general products.

The provisions of this Federal Law on Ensuring Fire Safety of Protective Objects are mandatory for execution during the design, construction, overhaul, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, change of functional purpose, maintenance, operation and disposal of protective objects.

SNiP 210197 * "Fire safety of buildings and structures" establishes the general minimum requirements for fire protection of premises, buildings and other building structures at all stages of their creation and operation, as well as fire technical classification of buildings, their elements and parts, premises, building structures, materials and products .

SP 4.13130.2013 Fire Protection Systems. The application of this set of rules ensures compliance with the requirements for space planning and structural solutions to limit the spread of fire in buildings and structures, established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements."

When designing buildings (structures), preference should be given to structures of a solid massive rectangular section made of solid wood or glued blocks. At the same time, the bar elements should have a smooth, sharp surface.

Wooden structures knot joints shall be designed with minimum number of open elements, their mandatory coating with fire-retardant compositions is provided.

Coating plates are supported directly on bearing structures.

6.3 Protection of structures during transportation and storage

Protection of structures during transportation and storage is established by the general requirements of SP 70.13330.2012 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures," from paragraph 3.7 to paragraph 3.10.

Wood structures and articles to be transported and stored shall be protected from moisture. For this purpose, various kinds of moisture-resistant coatings are used, packaging with moisture-tight paper, parchment, tol and synthetic films.

During storage the structure and parts shall be placed in the design position or close to it. Structures and products are stored in closed rooms or under a canopy, as well as on open areas. It is not allowed to lay structures directly on the ground.

SP 49.13330.2012 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1, "paragraph 6.3 establishes safety requirements for storage of materials and structures .

As per item 6.3.3, materials, products, structures and equipment during storage on the construction site and workplaces shall be stacked as follows:

- lumber - in a stack, the height of which during ordinary laying is not more than half the width of the stack, and when laying in cages - not more than the width of the stack.

7 Patent and research

7.1 Lenticular wooden truss

Patent holders: Turkovsky S.B, Krivtsova G.V, Kalinnikova N.P., Kurgan V.G., Arleninov D.K., Mazhenstein A.M., Valuisky V.P.

Lenticular wooden truss including upper and lower belts of bent-glued wooden elements of rectangular cross section, grid posts differing in that in order to reduce material intensity, belts and posts are made with equal width of cross section, and ratio of height of cross section of posts to height of cross section of belts is in the range from 0 to 1.1.

A copy of the patent for this invention is shown in Appendix A.

7.2 Butt joint of glued wooden structures

Authors: Kasabyan D.V, Turkovsky S.B., Pyatikrestovsky K.P., Shchepetkina E.N., Dementieva O.N., Sayapin V.V.

A copy of the patent for this invention is shown in Appendix A.

7.3 Butt joint of wooden belt with grid rods

Number: 885475

Author: Golovach V.N.

Connecting parts are made in the form of wooden plates, thickness of which is equal to size of gaps between belt elements.

A copy of the patent for this invention is shown in Appendix A.

7.4 Butt joint of glued wooden structures

Number: 1105586

Author: Kurgan V.G., Turkovsky S.B., Zotova I.M., Pochernyaev B.G.

Fixation is performed on opposite side faces of beams of plate with bolted stops, anchor pins connected to plates and glued into wood with inclination in plane parallel to axis of beams and perpendicular to their glue seams. The connection is equipped with straps connecting the plates to each other, and the stops are located flush.

A copy of the patent for this invention is shown in Appendix A.

CONCLUSION

The following types of structures have been developed in this course work: a box-section coating plate, a segment truss with glued belts and a board-glued column. Sections were selected for these structures, check calculation was made for I and II groups of limit states. Measures for protection against rot and fire (structural and chemical) are proposed for the designed structures. Thus, the theoretical knowledge gained during the course study was fixed, skills in calculating and designing structures from wood were obtained.

The course design is represented by a graphic part in the form of two sheets of A1 format and one sheet of A2, which contains drawings of all the elements under consideration, as well as an explanatory note with calculations.

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