Design of boiler plants of industrial enterprises

Contents

Boiler House Design Basics

1.1. Choice of capacity and type of boiler room

The design of the boiler house begins by identifying the nature of the consumers and determining the amount of heat or steam required for them, as well as the type and parameters of the coolant. At the same time, production boiler houses usually generate steam for technological needs, heating and ventilation of production workshops; heating boiler houses prepare hot water for heating residential and public buildings, as well as for household needs; production and heating boiler houses generate steam and prepare hot water for all the above types of consumption.

The need for heat for heating, ventilation and hot water supply of residential public and industrial buildings is determined by the projects of local heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems. In the absence of such projects, the need for heat can be calculated according to enlarged indicators. The release of steam for the technological needs of industrial enterprises and hot water is determined by the technological projects of these enterprises.

When the type and parameters of the coolant, as well as the complete heat or steam release, are detected, it is possible to set the profile and capacity of the designed boiler room. If all heat is released in the form of hot water, a boiler house with heating boilers is designed, if in the form of steam and in the form of hot water, then depending on the quantitative ratio of steam and hot water, a steam boiler house with a plant for heating network water or a combined boiler house with heating and steam boilers can be designed.

1.3 Boiler Room Layout

In the layout of the boiler room, the goal is to most rationally place the main and auxiliary equipment, so that it is convenient to operate it and at the same time that the boiler room turns out to be the minimum volume of the building that is easy to build.

Boiler rooms are located in separate rooms that meet the requirements of the Rules of State Gortekhnadzor, "Construction Norms and Rules," "Fire Standards for Construction Design and Populated Places" and "Sanitary Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises." Boiler rooms shall not be adjacent to residential buildings. Adjoining production spaces is not desirable.

Boiler plants are designed only with individual smoke pumps, blast fans and ash traps. Fuel supply, feed pumps, water softener, deaerators and other equipment, as well as a chimney, are usually designed common to the entire boiler room.

Each boiler unit is placed in a separate construction cell; auxiliary equipment of the waterway path, as a rule, is placed in the construction cell, moreover, the auxiliary equipment room may not be separated by a wall from the boiler plant room. A heat shield is installed here, and blast fans are often installed with boiler units without air from superheaters; in some cases, feed and network pumps, water treatment plant, deaerators are placed in front of the boilers.

Boiler room equipment is arranged so that its building can be made of unified prefabricated reinforced concrete structures of the nomenclature and standard sizes used in industrial construction.

The span of the boiler room assignment can be taken equal to 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 m, pitch, columns 6 and 12 m. The height of the rooms from the level of the clean floor to the bottom of the supporting structures on the support should be taken equal to 12 m during the span; at inclusive - a multiple of 0.6 m; from 7.2 to 10.8 inclusive - a multiple of 1.2m; at high altitudes - a multiple of 1.8 m; with a span of 30 m; from 12.6 to 18 m.

In addition, for a span of 18 m, altitudes of 4.8 and 5.4 m are allowed, and for a span of 24 m - a height of 5.4 m.

To allow the expansion of the boiler room, one of the end walls is left free from development.

The rooms in which the boilers are installed provide on each floor two exits to the outside located on opposite sides of the boiler house. Exit doors shall be opened to the outside by pressing the hand. The distance from the front of the boilers or protruding parts of the furnaces is taken to be at least 3 m, and in the case of installation of auxiliary equipment, the width of the free passages in front of the boilers remains at least 1.5 m. However, this equipment should not interfere with the maintenance of the boiler. The width of the remaining passages between boilers and sienes shall be at least 1.3 m. The distance from the top elevation of the boiler or from the elevation of the top maintenance area of the boiler to the lower parts of the boiler room coating structures shall be at least 2 m.

To service boilers, stairs and platforms made of non-combustible materials are installed. Not less than two stairs with width not less than 600 mm with inclination angle to horizon not more than 50 ° are installed to platforms with length more than 5 m. Sites intended for maintenance of reinforcement, control measuring, instrumentation, etc. are made with width of at least 800 mm, other sites - with width of at least 600 mm.

The boiler room is equipped with proper ventilation and artificial lighting, which creates illumination within 5.. 50 lk. Emergency lighting is provided from an independent power source. Fire extinguishing facilities are placed in the boiler house and in accordance with the current fire safety rules.

Heat calculation of boiler unit

2.1 General provisions

In this course design, the boiler unit is checked. Boiler elements are calculated sequentially, starting from the furnace, with the subsequent calculation of convective heating surfaces. Preliminary summary of boiler unit design characteristics is made; determining the amount of air required for combustion, the amount of flue gases from the boiler gas ducts and their enthalpy; heat balance of boiler unit is made.

Conclusion

As a result of the project, three KE414 wood boilers will be installed in the heating and production boiler house. The steam capacity and heat capacity of the boiler house fully meet the needs of production and auxiliary needs.

During this course project, heat loads were calculated, boiler room parameters were determined, combustion processes, heat balance of boiler units were calculated, gas flow per boiler was calculated, auxiliary equipment was selected.

Heat calculations of furnaces, boiler flues were also made, the economizer was designed, the air heater was designed (calculation of the tail surfaces of the boiler unit) and the thermal balance was checked.