Design of a heating system for a 5-storey residential building in Kostroma

Contents

Introduction

1 Design Input

2 Heating system design

2.1 Heating Purpose

2.2 Choice of heating system and feasibility study of the adopted system

2.3 Heating System Design

3 Hydraulic calculation of heating system

3.1Description of calculation procedure

3.2 Hydraulic calculation by the method of specific linear losses of friction pressure

4 Thermal calculation of instruments

4.1 Description of thermal calculation procedure

4.2 Calculation of heat flow of the device and number of radiator sections

4.3 Calculation of the stairwell

4.4 Calculation of the heating device on the stairwell

5 Heat point

5.1 Determination of natural circulation pressure

5.2 Determination of required pump pressure in the system

5.3 Calculation of mixing plant

6 Heating heat load calculation for the heating period

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction.

Energy consumption in our country is steadily increasing and, above all, to provide heat for buildings and structures.

The main heat costs for utility needs in buildings (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water supply) are heating costs. This is due to the condition for the operation of buildings in the cold season, when the heat loss through the enclosing structures of buildings significantly exceeds the internal heat emissions, therefore heating plants are used to maintain the necessary tempera-ture.

Heating - artificial heating of building premises, is a branch of construction equipment. The installation of a stationary heating plant is carried out during the construction of buildings, its elements during design with building structures and are combined with the layout and interior of the premises. Also, heating is one of the types of technological equipment of the building. To create and maintain thermal comfort, technically advanced and reliable heating devices are required

The efficiency of heating plants is ensured by optimizing design solutions using computers, giving the plant reliability in operation by automatically maintaining the required coolant temperature. Operation modes, methods of heating plant control to save thermal energy are studied.

Design Input

1 Purpose of the building - residential

2 Extension area - Kostroma

3 Number of floors - 5

4 Presence of attic - Attic floor

5 Main Elevation Orientation - North

6 Design temperature of internal air in rooms of the building: tvsr. =21 C; tvug. =23 C; tkuh = 18 С; tl. to. =16 C.

7. Calculated value of relative humidity of internal air: in = 45%

Climatic characteristics of the construction area.

2.3.1 Average temperature of the coldest five days: t = - 310С

2.3.2 Average heating temperature: t = 3.90C

2.3.5 Average temperature of coldest month: t = 11.80C

2.3.6 Relative ambient humidity for the coldest month: n = 85%

2.3.7 Estimated wind speed for cold season: = 5.8 m/s.

2.3.8 Heating period duration: N = 222 days.

2.3.9 Humidity zone: zone 2 - dry, operation mode B.

2 Heating system design

2.1 Heating Purpose

A heating system is a set of technical elements designed to receive, transfer and transfer to all heated rooms the amount of heat necessary to maintain the temperature at a given level.

The main purpose of heating is to provide comfortable conditions for a person, i.e. to ensure the fulfillment of the first and second conditions of comfort. The first comfort condition determines the optimal combination of temperatures for a person located in the center of the working area of ​ ​ the room. The second comfort condition determines the maximum or minimum allowable temperatures of heated or cooled surfaces for a person in close proximity to them.

Also, heating provides the solution of related problems:

normal performance of technological processes;

preservation of the external fence.

Heating is an industry of construction equipment. The installation of the hospital heating plant is carried out during the construction of the building, its elements are associated with the construction structures during design and are combined with the layout and interior of the premises. At the same time, heating is one of the types of technological equipment of the building.

Heating ensures that only permissible thermal conditions are met (there are still optimal).

Heating operation is characterized by a certain periodicity during the year and variability in the use of plant capacity, depending primarily on meteorological conditions in cold time.

Building heating is started at steady (within 3 days) decrease of average daily outside air temperature to 8 and lower, heating is finished at steady increase of outside air temperature to 8. The heating period of buildings during the year is called the heating period, the duration of which is established on the basis of long-term observations, as the average number of days per year with a stable average daily air temperature.

2.2 Choice of heating system and feasibility study of the adopted system

2.2.1 Selection of design parameters of coolant

The design parameters of the coolant according to the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards, set out in SNiP 2.04.0591 "Heating, ventilation and conditioning," are taken equal to:, (for a single-tube water heating system with heating devices - radiators).

Selection of heating system

We accept a single-tube heating system, as it has great thermal and hydraulic stability and can be used in buildings of increased floor size (3 floors or more)

Selecting the Type of Heating Fixtures

We accept a heating device for the installation - an aluminum cast sectional radiator "Calidor Super." Meets many requirements:

a) heat engineering - have a large thermal power per unit length of the device;

b) operational - durable during use, as more corrosion-resistant devices compared to other heating devices; c) varying the number of sections, i.e. changing the heating area.

Selection of instrument unit type

As the type of instrument assembly, a flow-through adjustable under-boring unit with the thermostat "DANFOSSRTDG" is chosen to control the coolant flow through the heating device.

Select Wiring Type

We accept the upper wiring (main pipelines are laid in the basement of the building and in the attic) due to the presence of the attic in the building.

Select Circulation Method

To ensure in the heating system of the five-story residential building the coolant circulation in the pipes sufficient operation of the network pumps at the CHP (available pressure at the entrance to the building 120 kPa). System with artificial circulation of coolant - pump room.

Selection of coolant flow pattern in supply and return lines.

The scheme of water movement in the highways is dead end (2 branches along the facades of the building). The heat point is located on the right side of the building.

Selection of heating system connection scheme to heating networks.

We choose a dependent connection scheme, due to its lower cost with mixing water in a water jet elevator.

2.3 Design of heating system.

In order to localize cold air flows, heating devices are located along the perimeter of external walls under window openings.

On the stairwell, heating devices are located between the first and second floors and connect the subducts directly to the heat networks.

If possible, the risers are located in the outer corners of the building and premises, since these are the most favorable places for condensate precipitation.

All heating devices are connected to the risers on one side, due to the large storey of the building.

The system mains are located at a distance of 500 mm from the external wall of the building. The slope of the lines is made against the movement of the coolant towards the heat point. According to SNiP we accept the slope equal to 0.003 .

To reduce heat losses in the non-heated basement, heat insulation of main pipelines is provided. Risers are not isolated.

On each riser (lifting and lowering) at the point of connection to the lines we install shutoff and control valves. On the lines we also install valves and gate valves to disconnect from individual branches. At the heat station, a line is provided for draining water from the system, where we also install shutoff valves, as well as before and after the elevator.

3 Hydraulic calculation of heating system.

3.1 Description of calculation procedure.

The purpose of the hydraulic calculation is to determine the diameters of the pipes for passing the design flow rates of the coolant, while determining pressure losses in all sections of the heating system.

Hydraulic calculation is carried out according to the laws of hydraulics and is based on the principle: design circulation pressure (RCD), acting in the system is completely spent on overcoming the resistances in this system. The task of hydraulic calculation is to allocate costs to all elements of the heating system.

Hydraulic calculation is performed using the method of specific linear losses of friction pressure (R).

Conclusion

In this course project, a water heating system for a five-story residential building located in the city of Kostroma was designed. Hydraulic calculation of the system was carried out in two ways, thermal calculation of heating devices and calculation of a mixing plant. The system was checked for thermal and hydraulic stability, a pressure diagram was built in the heating system, the system pipelines were routed on the basement plan and an axonometric diagram of the heating system was made.

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