Course work on tank design

Introduction

Railway transport is the main type of trunk transport that provides inter-district transportation of bulk goods. Its leading importance is due to two factors: technical and economic advantages over most other modes of transport and the coincidence of direction and capacity, the main transport and economic inter-district and interstate relations with the configuration, capacity and carrying capacity of railway lines.

The tanks are intended for the carriage of liquid, gaseous, pulverized and solidifying goods, which are placed in a boiler, which is a specific shape of the body.

In accordance with the task, the design of the cargo car of the tank was designed in this course design. During the design process, the main parameters of the designed car were selected, the trolley was checked to fit into the 02VM dimension, in order to improve the design of the tank, the use of a triple-locking drain device was introduced, and spring suspension was calculated for strength, check the stability of the car against derailment and economic calculation. The completed dimensional calculation showed that the safe operation of the designed car in this dimension is ensured. Also in this course project, a description of the design of the designed car was made. Trolleys of the model 18-578 type, as well as other standard elements, are taken for the designed car.

Selection of basic parameters of the designed tank

Initial design data: p0 = 240 kN, m0 = 4, 1VM dimension, internal boiler diameter Dk = 3200 mm, bulk mass γ = 0.81 t/m3.

As the base model, we accept the model 15150 tank with the parameters: internal diameter of the boiler Dk = 3200 mm; 2l = 7800 mm; 2Lp = 10800 mm; 2Lob = 12020 mm; 1VM dimension.

Tank design description

3.1 General Information

The tank for the transport of light oil products is four-axle with a boiler volume of 84.8 m3, is inscribed in the 1VM dimension, which allows it to be operated not only in the CIS countries, but also outside it. Lifting capacity of the tank 71 t, packagings 21 t.

The tank is not equipped with thermal insulation, a cargo heating device. Upper loading device, lower cargo drain by gravity through drain device with triple locking or upper transfer or siphoning. The tank is equipped with a safety inlet valve.

In the upper part of the boiler there is a manhole that is hermetically closed by a girder cover during tightening of the hinged bolt. In the hatch there are segments for determining the limit level of filling of the boiler and the gate drive of the drain device .

The boiler is attached to the frame in cantilever parts by tightening clamps.

boiler has cylindrical shell and two elliptical bottoms. Internal diameter of the boiler is 3200 mm.

The tank is equipped with external stairs with a platform near the cap.

In the cantilever part of the frame, impact-traction devices are installed, which include: automatic coupling device CA3, absorbing device of Sh2B90 type, traction clamp, wedge of traction clamp, fastening of traction clamp, centering beam with two pendulum suspensions, release lever fixed on the frontal sheet with the help of bracket and holder of release lever.

Brake equipment of the tank is installed on the frame brackets. Support and safety clamps are also attached to the frame. The main air duct is equipped with end valves and connecting hoses of R17B type.

A parking brake is installed on the platform, designed to brake the tank at loading and unloading points.

The undercarriage consists of two two-axle bogies of the model 18578.

3.7 Description of tank trolley

This trolley made it possible to achieve an improvement in performance with minimal changes in design.

The trolley used a number of design and technological solutions to increase the overhaul period of freight cars for mileage up to 500 thousand km and a warranty life of up to 4 years. The trolley uses detachable slides of the elastic rolling type manufactured by OJSC NPK Uralvagonzavod, cast-iron thermally reinforced friction wedges with urethane linings.

In addition, the design provides protection of the main friction units. Including - wear-resistant bowl in the bearing of the overspring beam, wheels of increased quality and hardness, bearings of the cassette type. The spring suspension in this trolley is made of springs of less rigidity than the trolley 18100.

Two-axle trolley with central spring suspension. The base of the trolley is 1850 mm. Frame of trolley of non-rigid type. The transmission ratio of the brake lever gear is 7. The mass of the trolley (design) is 4.75 tons. It is designed for rolling up for freight cars with a modified mating part of the slide on the car frame.

The design of the trolley ensures that the wagons pass the curves of the sections of the track with a minimum radius of 60 m, sorting slides and roller coasters of the car breakers. Trolleys can be equipped with an auto mode designed for trolleys with increased deflection, as well as not equipped with an auto mode. When the car is equipped with an automatic braking mode controller, a support beam is installed on one of the trolleys pulled under the car.

Side frames and overspring beam are made of steel 20GL GOST 32.183. Wear-resistant elements of side frames and superspring beams made of ZOKHGSA steel, GOST 11269.

The assigned service life of the trolley (according to the resource of the side frame and the overpressure beam) is 32 years. The assigned resource for mileage from construction to the first depot repair is 500 thousand km, but not more than 4 years, for trolleys without wear-resistant protection of the outer shoulder of the bearing place of the overspring beam - 250 thousand km, but not more than 3 years.

The trolley consists of:

two wheelsets with axle box units. Axle box assemblies are equipped with cylindrical bearings 3642726E2M and 36232726E2M or two-row tapered bearings of cassette type TBU 130x250, which are installed in typical housings of freight car axle boxes. In the wheel pair, the axis of the control stick is used. Bearings are fixed on the axle by washer with four M20 bolts;

two side frames;

pressure beam;

spring suspension with central arrangement of spring sets in side frames of bogie. Spring set includes seven double twisted coil springs and two friction wedges of vibration damper cast from high-strength cast iron. To protect against wear, a replaceable wear-resistant polymer patch is installed on the inclined surface of the wedge, which is fixed by means of protrusions made integral with the body of the patch and entering similar recesses of the wedge;

brake lever transmission with one-sided pressing of shoes on wheels and suspended triangles. The trolley can be equipped with a brake lever transmission of a model 18100 trolley with triangels according to GOST 4686.

The trolley is equipped with:

- elastic rolling slides;

- device for directional retraction of shoes from wheels at brake release.

On the supporting surfaces of the axle box openings in the side frames there are replaceable wear-resistant gaskets consisting of a steel bracket 4 mm thick and a welded wear-resistant plate 4 mm thick.

To protect against wear of the bearing place of the overspring beam, it is equipped with wear-resistant elements in two versions:

a 6.5 mm thick wear-resistant gasket is installed on the bearing surface of the bearing place;

a bowl of low-alloy steel is freely installed in the bearing place.

To protect against wear, a replaceable wear-resistant polymer patch is installed on the inclined surface of the friction wedge, which is fixed by means of protrusions made integral with the body of the patch and entering similar recesses of the wedge.

One of the design features of this model of trolley is the presence of elastic rolling slides. Slides of elastic-rolling type of constant contact are designed to dampen side vibrations of car body, to limit suspension of trolley and to increase stability of car movement.