Course project of 9-storey residential building

Introduction

Construction is one of the most important and large branches of the national economy. The product of the construction industry is the creation of civil, industrial, residential and other buildings.

With the development of science and technology, the process of construction is also changing and improving. Currently, together with the development of market relations and the emergence of a competitive environment, more attention is being paid to the economic efficiency of production. The introduction of new construction methods (such as new methods of erecting structures, increasing the technical level, using the in-line method of introducing work, etc.) allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of construction production technology.

Any building shall best meet its functional purpose. This means that the composition, dimensions, quantity and mutual location of the premises, the state of their air environment, the strength and stability of the building structures, their ability to protect the premises from external climatic impacts and noise should be most appropriate for the processes for which the building is built. It is impossible to provide these processes only with construction tools. Therefore, the modern building is equipped with a large number of engineering and sanitary equipment systems: transport systems (elevators, escalators, lifts, etc.), cold and hot water supply, fire fighting, sewage, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heat and gas supply, power supply, lighting, information (telephone, radio, television, alarm).

Any building as an artificially created environment has an ethical and aesthetic effect on a person. The organization of internal space must meet the ethical requirements of society. The appearance of the building, its interiors should be formed according to the laws of architectural composition.

Construction class

The economic feasibility for the structural part of the project is the assignment of the necessary reserves of strength and stability of the structures during the design, as well as their long-term and fire resistance in accordance with the purpose of the building and its design period.

This is facilitated by assigning the building to a specific class during design. The building class is appointed in accordance with its national economic and urban planning role.

Grade II - public buildings of mass construction and houses with more than 5 floors; II degree of durability and II degree of fire resistance;

The residential building we are considering belongs to the second class of buildings, since it has 9 floors and a second degree of fire resistance.

Accepted degrees of fire resistance and durability of enclosing structures as per SNiP 210197 (2003)

Durability - a characteristic of a building determined by the limit period for preserving the physical qualities of building structures during operation. It depends on the following qualities of structural materials: creep, frost resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, bio-resistance.

Conditional life evaluation is carried out according to the limit life of the building: the designed building has a II degree in durability (50100 years).

The degree of fire resistance of the building depends on the degree of ignition of the main parts of the building and their fire resistance limit.

The designed residential building has a second degree of fire resistance.

Characteristics of the construction area

The designed building is intended for construction in the city of Lipetsk, which is located in the II climatic district. Climatic characteristics of the city:

• The air temperature of the coldest days with a security of 0.98: minus 34 ° С.

• Air temperature of the coldest five-day coverage 0.98: minus 29 ° С.

• Absolute minimum air temperature: minus 38 ° С.

• Average monthly relative humidity of the coldest month: 85%.

• Rainfall per November: 248mm

• Prevailing wind direction for December: southwest.

• The maximum of the average wind speeds in rumbes in January: 5.9 m/s.

• Warm air temperature of the year with coverage of 0.98: 27.5 ° С.

• Average maximum air temperature of the warmest month: 25.9C.

• Absolute maximum air temperature: 39C.

• Average monthly relative humidity of the warmest month: 66%.

• Rainfall for April: 382 mm.

• Prevailing wind direction for June August: northwest.

• Minimum of average wind speeds per rumba for July: 4.1.

• Ground freezing depth: 1600

• Geotechnical conditions are normal.

• The construction area is not avalanche-hazardous, landslide-prone and mudslide-prone.

Building building system

The building construction system is a complex characteristic of the structural solution of the building according to the material and the construction technology of bearing structures. According to the material - slag concrete, construction technology - full-assembly, construction system - panel.

Structural system and layout of the building

The structural system is an interconnected set of vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures that together provide its strength, rigidity and stability. Horizontal structural structures - coverings and floors, vertical structural structures - arceless (wall).

The structural diagram is a variant of the structural system according to the characteristics of composition and placement in the space of the main load-bearing structures. The structural scheme, like the system, is selected at the initial stage of design. In this house there is a structural scheme with transverse and longitudinal bearing walls.

Basement and technical underground

A basement 2.6 m high is designed in the building. The entrance to the basement is isolated from the staircase and is arranged directly from the street. The basement panels are basement walls and have blowouts. The technical underground is located directly in the basements.

Architectural techniques

Architectural composition is a holistic system of architectural forms that meets artistic, functional and structural technological requirements. The composition of the internal space in accordance with the purpose of the building is delimited by blind vertical (walls, partitions) and horizontal (floors) barriers to individual enclosed spaces. The composition of outer space is based on the creation of the functional structure of space, according to this structure, the volumetric form retains monolithicity and is divided into separate parts. The composition of the building is high-rise (the height size prevails over the size in the plan). Composites such as asymmetry, rhythm (alternation of identical or single-character elements), meter (repetition of shapes and intervals) and proportions (natural ratios of building sizes) are used

Justification of references of features to coordinate axes

The binding of structural elements of buildings to modular axes is accepted taking into account the possibility of using building products of the same size for medium and extremely homogeneous elements.

Wall snaps are assigned according to the following rules:

1. Bearing external walls made of concrete materials have a link in the plan of the building to modular laying axes of 100 mm from the internal face.

2. In internal walls, the geometric axis of the wall is aligned with the modular axis.

Constructive solution

The technical advantage of panel structures is their significantly greater strength and rigidity compared to traditional ones. The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by the joint work of horizontal (covering and floors) and vertical (walls and partitions) structures.

Panel structures are used mainly for the construction of residential buildings of various types, hotels, boarding houses, sleeping buildings of rest houses and sanatoriums, as well as for a number of mass public buildings (children's institutions, schools, etc.).

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