Chemical Process and Apparatus Course Design Rectification Column 17 Version Valve Trays

Contents

Introduction

1 Analytical Overview

2 Project objectives and objectives

3 Main part

4 Engineering calculations

4.1 Material balance and working reflux

4.2 Calculation of average physical quantities

4.3 Steam velocity and column diameter

4.4 Hydraulic calculation of trays

4.4.1 Minimum and maximum allowable steam velocities in tray slots

4.4.2 Height of light layer of liquid on the tray and steam content of bubbling layer

4.4.3 Overflow liquid velocity

4.4.4 Hydraulic resistance of column trays

4.5 Mass transfer factors and tray efficiency

4.6 Determination of number of trays, height and hydraulic resistance of the column

4.7 Thermal Balance of Distillation Column

4.8 Approximate calculation of heat exchange equipment

4.8.1 Cube - evaporator

4.8.2 Bottom Residue Cooler

4.8.3 Deflegmator

4.8.4 Distillate Cooler

4.9 Detailed calculation of heater

5 Conclusions on coursework

List of literature used

Introduction

Rectification is one of the most common methods for separating liquid homogeneous mixtures consisting of two or more components, which allows you to obtain products of sufficiently high purity.

Its essence lies in repeated contact of liquid and vaporous phases. During contact, a partial evaporation of the predominantly low boiling component occurs while condensing the steam of the high boiling component. This interchange of streams provides a substantially pure, more volatile component in the form of steam. This steam condenses in the reflux condenser, part of the resulting condensate is in most cases the final product (distillate), and the other part of the condensate (reflux) is supplied to the column for its reflux and final steam enrichment.

Rectification is carried out in industrial plants - rectification columns. The most widely used columns are continuous (they have a number of advantages over periodic columns with a large tonnage of production), the design of which is devoted to this work.

The separation of moderately volatile substances is carried out at atmospheric pressure, since it uses the simplest equipment in operation, no additional costs are required to create special conditions and ensure tightness. At the same time, water vapor, water and air are used as heat carriers (they are available and relatively cheap).

To separate volatile substances, an increased pressure is required in order to use water to cool the reflux meter and not to use expensive artificial cooling with brine. In addition, this reduces the metal capacity of the plant due to a decrease in the diameter of the column at a lower volume flow rate of steam and even allows the process to be carried out for substances in a gaseous state under normal conditions.

Hardly volatile substances are separated under vacuum, to avoid their thermal decomposition, increase the relative volatility of the components of the mixture and to heat the evaporator cube, it is possible to use water steam, and not expensive high-temperature heat carriers.

To reduce the temperature of the process, as well as to increase the release of volatile components, rectification processes are used in the current of an inert carrier: saturated water vapor, superheated steam, gas.

Project Goals and Objectives

Design a continuous distillation plant to separate the chloroform-carbon tetrachloride mixture at atmospheric pressure. Make a compilation calculation of the poppet distillation column and heater. Select standard sets.

Conclusion

During the operation, columns and 5 heat exchangers were calculated.

Their characteristics:

Rectification Column

Diameter - 1.4 m

Height - 18 m

Number of trays - 51

Distance between trays - 0.3 m

Total Column Resistance -

Evaporator Cube

Casing diameter

Total number of pipes (25 × 2 mm)

Number of moves

Length of pipes

Heat Exchange Surface Area

Bottoms cooler

Casing diameter

Total number of pipes (25 × 2 mm)

Number of moves

Length of pipes

Heat Exchange Surface Area

Dephlegmator

Casing diameter

Total number of pipes (25 × 2 mm)

Number of moves

Length of pipes

Heat Exchange Surface Area

Distillate Cooler

Casing pipe diameter -

Heat exchange pipe diameter -

Heat exchange pipe length - 3 m

Heat exchange area via one pipe - 0.228 m2

Number of pipes - 5

Heat exchange area - 1.14 m2

Heater

Casing pipe diameter -

Heat exchange pipe diameter -

Heat exchange pipe length - 6 m

Heat exchange area via one pipe - 1.65 m2

Number of pipes - 7

Heat exchange area - 11.55 m2

6м 133мм на 89мм 7 труб.cdw

Клапанные тарелки 17 МА - 2015.cdw