Calculation of the clutch of the car Ural

Contents

CONTENTS

Contents

Introduction

1.1 Analysis of initial data

1.2 Description of the prototype

1.3 Analysis of vehicle layout and determination of mass parameters

2 Power calculation and finding of silo-speed characteristics of the car

2.1 Tyre selection

2.2 Determination of vehicle transmission efficiency

2.3 Air resistance factor

2.4 Determination of engine power and construction of its external speed characteristic

2.5 Determination of the number of gears and gear ratios of the vehicle transmission

2.6 Dynamic characteristics of the car

2.7 Dynamic car passport

2.8 Calculation of vehicle acceleration indicators

3 Description and calculation of the clutch mechanism of the car ural 4320-

3.1 General Theoretical Information

3.2 Calculation of parameters of the drive disk

3.3 Calculation of pressure springs

3.4 Calculation of pressure disk parameters

3.5 Calculation of diaphragm spring parameters

3.6 Calculation of clutch drive parameters

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Due to the ever-increasing demand and desire to reduce the economic costs of transporting goods, in the modern world the task is to increase the efficiency of vehicles. It is necessary to increase the carrying capacity of cars without reducing their technical characteristics and traffic safety. To take a leading position on the transport of goods and vehicles in general, it is necessary to take into account the modern dynamics and introduce the latest technologies, taking into account their efficiency.

The purpose of the course project is to consolidate knowledge of the theory of work processes and the basics of car calculation; obtaining skills in performing power calculation of a car; learn to evaluate the quality of the design, determine dimensions and calculate the main functional elements of the car.

The objective of the course project is to conduct a design analysis of the car in order to determine the possibility of increasing the load capacity and maximum speed.

The prototype of the car is taken by Ural 432001, because for its production, there is a tuned manufacturing process and full equipment. This will make it possible to introduce the designed car into mass production as soon as possible and reduce the economic costs of its production. The designed car will significantly reduce the cost of freight transportation, while making it possible to reduce the time for the implementation of orders in production.

We are faced with the task of conducting a design analysis of the car in order to determine the possibility of increasing the carrying capacity from 5,000 kg to 5200 kg, and increasing the maximum speed from 85 km/h to 89 km/h.

After calculating the main characteristics of the car, the clutch mechanism of the car is calculated.

Description and calculation of the clutch mechanism of the car ural 4320-01

General Theoretical Information

The clutch mechanism is an element of the transmission and is designed to transfer torque from the engine to the primary shaft of the gearbox, ensure smooth touching of the car from the place and short-term disconnection of the engine from the transmission. The invention is attributed to Karl Benz.

A dry friction two-disc clutch with a peripheral arrangement of Kamaz14 springs is installed on the car.

The clutch mechanism of this model has the following features:

‒ availability of a device for automatic setting of the middle drive disk to the middle position when the clutch is off, which does not require adjustment during operation;

‒ shape of the casing provides locking of pressure springs;

‒ driven disk has heat-resistant friction lining with long service life.

When the pedal is pressed, the shaft rotates and acts through levers and push-pull rod on clutch disengagement fork (3) (Figure 3.1), and it acts on clutch disengagement clutch (11) with pressure bearing (29). The clutch 11 with the bearing 29 moves and presses the inner ends of the lever 14, which retract the pressure disc 12 from the driven disc 2 with their outer ends. At the same time, the pressure springs 18 are compressed - the clutch is off, and torque from the engine to the transmission is not transmitted. After release of pedal, clutch 11 of clutch with bearing 29 is returned to initial position under action of springs 18. Under the action of the pressure springs 18, the pressure disk 12 is pressed against the flywheel 9 - the clutch is turned on, the torque is transmitted from the engine to the gearbox. The damper springs 17 mounted in the driven disc provide a smooth torque transmission when the clutch is engaged.

Clutch mechanism consists of crankcase 6, pressure disk 12 with casing 7, pressure springs 18 and pulling levers 14, two driven disks 2 with friction linings 23 and torsional dampers 5, middle drive disk 20.

The stamped clutch housing 7 is mounted on the flywheel by means of two mounting sleeves 22 and is fixed by ten bolts M10 and two M8.

Drive disks of pressure 12 and middle 20 have four spikes on external surface, which enter special slots of flywheel and transmit torque of engine on friction surface of driven disks, hubs of which are installed on splines of drive shaft of gearbox and divider.

Pressure springs 18 are arranged between clutch housing 7 and pressure disc 12 to clamp driven and middle drive discs between pressure disc and flywheel.

The middle drive disk 20 has a lever mechanism 10. It automatically sets the disk 20 to the middle position when the clutch is off.

Clutch disengagement device consists of pull levers with thrust ring 21 balanced on pressure disk 12, clutch for disengagement of clutch 11 with thrust bearing 29 mounted on bearing cover of gearbox drive shaft or divider, and disengagement fork 3 located on roller in clutch case.

Conclusion

As a result of the course work, the calculation of a car with the necessary technical characteristics was carried out on the basis of the prototype Ural 432001.

The designed car has a large load capacity (5200 kg) and a large maximum speed (89 km/h) compared to the prototype. To ensure the necessary indicators, the power unit, transmission, body and other parts of the car underwent a change. The main dynamic characteristics for which the dynamic passport was built are calculated. The resulting modification is more efficient in its application to production than provides greater economic benefit to the enterprise. Recommended for mass production as soon as possible.

The car clutch mechanism was also calculated.