Blacksmith and Press Shop - Power Supply - Diploma

Introduction

Currently, the issue of modernizing the country's economy is acute. Without modernization of production, any transformation programs are doomed to failure. The shortest and most effective way to transfer production to an innovative type of development is to rely on traditional Russian high technologies, introduce modern and energy-efficient production methods, and use alternative energy sources.

When designing power systems of enterprises, it is necessary to adhere to the requirements of scientific and technological progress, make maximum use of standard projects, standard installation drawings and documentation for standard and embedded structures, as well as be guided by instructional and guidance materials of design and research organizations, standard methods for determining the economic efficiency of capital investments.

The purpose of the diploma project is power supply of workshop No. 2

with the development of a compressed air supply system, which will increase production volumes and increase the profitability of production.

General characteristics of the enterprise

1.1 Brief description of the enterprise

At the present stage, the main goals of the enterprise in the field of quality are to offer consumers competitive products that are not inferior in quality and reliability to the best models, fully meet all established requirements and use the most modern scientific and technical achievements.

Improve the quality, improve the production processes and improve the consumer properties of the manufactured products, timely service them during operation, predict the needs of consumers.

Expand product range and win new markets.

Reduce the environmental impact of the enterprise's production activities.

Manufacturing shall manufacture parts for the following products:

physical therapy equipment; components for cars; satellite communications equipment; dies and presses; equipment for backbone radio relay links; Service call registrars are automatic; equipment to equip maternity hospitals; high-precision cutting tool; telemetry equipment; cardiological equipment; electronic collimator sights.

The manufactured products have a wide scope of production sectors and the quality must meet the requirements of the consumer.

1.2 Power Engineering

In the production process, the workshop consumes a significant amount of energy and energy carriers of various types and parameters: electricity, gas, hot and cold water, compressed air. The annual cost of energy consumption at the enterprise is very significant, and their share in the cost of production reaches 2530%. Different types of energy must be supplied to maintain the normal flow of the production process. This task is taken over by the energy economy of the enterprise.

The purpose of the enterprise's energy economy is to provide reliable and uninterrupted satisfaction in full of the needs of the enterprise's production departments for energy of the necessary parameters with minimum costs.

The main tasks of the enterprise's energy economy are:

- determination of the enterprise's demand for energy resources and the most economical ways to cover it ;

- organization of sustainable energy supply of the enterprise and its subdivisions in exact accordance with the demand ;

- rational organization of operation, maintenance and repair of energy equipment and networks at the enterprise; - development and implementation of measures aimed at reducing energy consumption, saving energy and all types of fuel; - use of secondary energy resources and non-traditional energy sources; - reduction of costs for energy supply of the enterprise and maintenance of the energy economy; - reduction of energy intensity and energy component in the cost of products.

The energy sector includes: the main energy department, the electric power workshop, the heat workshop, the electrical repair and low-current workshops. The Chief Energy Unit is headed by the Chief Energy Officer, who reports to the Chief Engineer. From technological positions, the energy sector is divided into 3 parts:

- generating part;

- distribution (transmitting) part;

- consuming part.

The generating part includes power plants, boiler houses, gas generating stations, compressor and pumping units. The distribution part includes: networks, switchgears, transformer substations.

The consuming part includes: power receivers of the main and auxiliary production, as well as the non-production sphere.

Another important feature that determines the requirements for the organization of the enterprise's energy economy is the inadmissibility of failures in the energy supply of technological means involved in the production of marketable products: the energy economy must ensure the reliability and continuity of energy supply.

The power supply can be organized in three forms:

Domestic power supply is used when, for economic or other reasons, the enterprise considers it advisable to fully provide itself with all types of energy from its own generating plants and stations.

External energy supply involves the complete satisfaction of the enterprise's energy needs of all types through its purchase from specialized suppliers and intermediaries of energy supply, ensuring its supply exactly to the place of consumption at the enterprise.

Combined power supply is essential for most enterprises: electricity, heat, water and gas they receive from territorial power systems and networks, and compressed air, acetylene and everything else from their own generating plants and stations.

An important role in the organization of rational energy supply also belongs to the use of secondary energy resources in enterprises: the use of heat from furnaces for the production of hot water, steam; secondary use of steam, hot water for heating of premises and household needs, etc.

He manages the energy industry at the enterprise, the main energy engineer, based in his work on the department of the main energy. The department usually includes a bureau of energy use and energy equipment, as well as laboratories - electric and thermal.

The development of relevant standards is carried out by the main energy department for energy generating services, for production workshops and other departments that spend energy for the production of basic products, tools, for economic needs, etc.

The Main Energy Division has 2 functions:

- accounting and planning, which provides for the determination of volumes, types of energy, control over its use;

- Technical, which provides for monitoring of the state of power plants, timeliness of repairs, measures to save energy and the use of secondary energy.

The power saving mode determines the need for accurate rationing and accounting of energy consumption in the enterprise. The purpose of energy rationing is to establish energy consumption standards that eliminate excessive energy consumption.

The result of this is an improvement in the use of energy resources and fixed assets of the energy economy, a decrease in the share of energy costs in the cost of production. The development of standards for the consumption of electricity, compressed air, gas, water, auxiliary materials is carried out per unit of production.

The total energy consumption of the enterprise is conditionally divided into variable and constant parts, that is, dependent and independent of the volume of production.

The variable part is the consumption of all types of energy for the main technological operations, the constant - the energy consumption for lighting, driving ventilation devices, heating, air conditioning. The energy consumption for the variable part can be determined on the basis of equipment operation time or by summary standards.

Constant part of energy consumption - based on lighting standards, room heating, etc. The objects of energy accounting are energy generation and consumption, output and use of secondary energy resources (waste or by-products of the main technological process - blast furnace and coke gases, mint hammer steam, hot gases of industrial furnaces, etc.). The main requirements for energy accounting are as follows:

Differentiation of accounting. Differentiation of accounting is necessary in order to separately take into account the consumption of all types of energy in each unit of the energy economy, the production unit of the enterprise and a separate unit.

Timeliness of accounting. Timeliness of accounting is necessary for timely response to changes in the environment, deviations, power and power supply failures; therefore, continuous accounting or periodic accounting with a minimum time between regular measurements is most preferred.

Accuracy of accounting. Accuracy of accounting is necessary for correct setting of energy consumption rates and deviations from them, for creation of reliable energy balances.

Thus, the energy economy of the enterprise is necessary for reliable and uninterrupted satisfaction in full of the needs of the production departments of the enterprise for energy of the necessary parameters with minimum costs. The energy sector is headed by the main energy engineer of the enterprise. Due to the impossibility of creating significant reserves of energy, it is produced and consumed immediately, and also, as a mandatory procedure, the enterprise regulates the consumption of energy resources, plans for energy supply, compiling energy balances, consolidated accounting and analysis of the use of energy resources.

Conclusion

In this diploma project, a comprehensive energy supply of workshop No. 2 was developed on the basis of the existing facility. As a result of the studies on electrification, heat supply, water supply at the design site, the following conclusions can be drawn:

A significant part of the equipment has developed its depreciation life and have low load factors, so it can be replaced with a perfect and more productive one.

To power the auxiliary needs of the equipment and improve the process, one screw compressor of the brand is installed

VK78270 -1 with control and protection system.

Also in the diploma project, the diameter of the pipeline and the development of a wiring diagram were selected.

The section on occupational safety and safety discloses the organization of occupational safety in workshop No. 2.

They determined the main technical and economic indicators, from which it is clear that measures to replace equipment are economically feasible.