AKP No. 1 "Country house in Tomsk"

1. General part

1.1. Introduction

Buildings, depending on their purpose, are divided into civil, industrial and agricultural. Civil include buildings designed to serve the domestic and public needs of people. These buildings are divided into residential and public (administrative, educational, children's institutions, etc.) Industrial buildings - for placement of instruments of production and performance of labor processes (plants, factories, etc.). Agricultural buildings are designed for the needs of agriculture (greenhouses, buildings for keeping livestock and poultry, for storing agricultural equipment, etc.). Due to the concern for improving the living conditions of people, the pace of construction of civilian buildings has not decreased today. Not the last place is given to residential buildings (for example, dormitories, hotels, etc.). Buildings must meet the following requirements: meet their purpose, that is, create the best conditions for the life and work of people; be strong, stable, durable; Fire-safe; to meet sanitary, economic and architectural requirements.

The country house, which must be designed, must meet the above requirements, the customer's recreation and work needs. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the number of auxiliary premises will be less than in an ordinary residential building, which, however, should not sharply affect its comfort.

1.2. Source Data

Based on the task, it is required to design a two-story residential building.

The structural diagram of the building is arceless.

Construction district - Tomsk.

The terrain is flat or with a slight slope

Warm (residential) part of the building:

Foundation - ribbon - team.

Walls - brick with external insulation and siding;

The internal walls are brick (380mm thick).

Partitions - brick (thickness 120 mm).

Floors - prefabricated iron - concrete, hollow flooring slabs.

Roof - roofing steel rafters wooden systems.

The stairs are wooden.

Non-residential (cold) part of the building:

The foundation is columnar.

Walls - framed wooden.

Floors - wooden beam.

Space Planning Solution

2.1. Characteristics of the planning diagram

2.1.1.General Information

A two-story two-apartment residential building with 4-room apartments in two levels of type B. In the designed house, the floor consists of two apartments. Each apartment has: bedroom 10.1 m2, kitchen 5.9sq m, corridor, bathroom 4.1sq m, toilet 3.3sq m, room 16.6sq m, children's room 6.0sq m.

General plan dimensions 166.4 m2 by 8.2 m. The height of the premises is 2.7 m.

Communication between floors is carried out using staircases with a width of 900mm and a height of half a floor with steps, with a tread of 300mm. and an approach of 180mm. The slope of the stairs is 1:2. The staircase fencing is made of wooden bars, and the handrail is lined with plastic.

All doors open towards the exit of the building according to fire safety requirements.

The working drawing of the floor plan gives complete information about the volume planning solution of all levels of the building, the dimensions and position of vertical communications, structural elements, stairs, windows, and doors.

The plan drawing was started with the alignment axes. Capital walls were then drawn, taking into account the rules for linking their faces to coordination axes, the position of partitions, windows, and doors. Section of capital walls and supports, partitions - solid main lines 0.4mm thick.

Schematic designations of window blocks, doors, sanitary devices, structural elements located behind the section plane (stairways, fences), extension and dimension lines - solid thin 0.2... 0, 3 mm thick.

Centerlines - long dashed thin lines with a thickness of 0.1... 0, 2mm. Inside the outline of the plan drawings there are "chains" of space sizes and wall and partition thicknesses. These dimensions are located in all places where the dimensions of the rooms vary in width and depth.

The dimensions of all rooms, mainly in the lower right corner, indicate areas in square meters with an accuracy of the 1st sign.

2.1.2. Sanitary units

Toilet. Bathroom.

Architectural - constructive solution

3.1. Characteristic of the design diagram.

The structural diagram of the designed building is arceless transverse. This means that the outer and inner transverse walls are structural. In buildings with transverse bearing walls, the system is more rigid, but the total length of the bearing inner walls increases. Nevertheless, such a solution is in some cases rational, since only heat-protective requirements are imposed on the structures of the outer longitudinal walls and light heat-protective materials can be used for their device.

3.2. Building Features

3.2.1. Bases

The foundation is the lower parts of the building, which are designed to transfer and distribute the load from the building to the ground. They must meet the following requirements: have strength and stability against overturning and sliding in the plane of the sole, resist the influence of groundwater and aggressive waters, atmospheric factors, meet the life expectancy of the building, be industrial and economical to manufacture. The foundation of this building is tape prefabricated. This is the most common type of foundation in buildings up to 1012 floors high .

Tape foundations are arranged for all capital walls, and for the porch and loggia columnar. They represent the tapes buried in soil - walls from a rubble laying, a butobeton, concrete or reinforced concrete.

First, foundation cushions having the following dimensions are laid:

FP-1 - 2.4m, FP2 - 1,2m, FP3 - 0.9. Having a thickness of 0.3m and a width of 1.2m.

Foundation blocks are laid on the foundation:

FB-1 - 2, 4m, FB2 - 1, 2m, FB3 - 0.9. Having a thickness of 0.58m and a width of 0.6m.

3.2.2. Exterior walls.

External walls protect rooms from external space. The transversely arranged walls in the building are load-bearing, that is, they, in addition to their own weight, accept the load from other parts of the building. Walls located along are self-supporting, that is, they carry the load only from their own weight of the walls. Walls are subject to a number of requirements: they must have sufficient strength, stability, provide the necessary heat transfer resistance, durability and fire resistance must meet the designed class of buildings, there must also be the necessary sound protection qualities and as little weight as possible. The external walls are brick with a thickness of 380mm with an external insulation, the thickness of which is 160 mm, and facing with siding.

3.2.3. Interior walls.

Internal walls separate some rooms from others. In this building, the inner walls are made as well as the outer walls of brick. The thickness of the internal walls is 380mm.

3.2.4. Overlaps.

Slabs are horizontal structures that divide the interior of a building into floors and are designed to perceive, in addition to their own weight, a useful (temporary) load. They must meet the requirements of strength, rigidity, fire resistance, durability, sound insulation, heat insulation. Reinforced concrete slabs with round voids are used in this building for floors. width 1.2m and 1.5m. There are monolithic sections with a width of 2.1 m and a thickness of 0.3 m.

3.2.5 Rafter system design.

Mauerlat is laid along the walls with a section of 200 * 200mm. Rafter legs with a section of 150x100mm rest on the mauerlat, mare legs with a section of 150x50 of various lengths are nailed to the rafter legs at the cornice, rafter legs are laid with a pitch of 1200mm. On the rafter legs and the mares nailed to them, a continuous grate of boards with a section of 30 * 250mm is arranged. Roofing steel is packed on top of the screen and connected to each other by a special seam - false seam, eliminating the possibility of water penetration into the rafters system and into the attic.

The roof plan shows the layout of the water flow directions.

3.2.5. Coating and roofing.

The roof completes the building and protects it from precipitation. It consists of a load-bearing part (rafter system) and a enclosing part (roof and its base are a grate). The load-bearing part of the roof must have the necessary strength and stability, the enclosing part must be waterproof, low-thermal, light, resistant to atmospheric and chemical effects. The roof of this building is gable, slope 1:2. The type of load-bearing structure is wooden layered rafters, they consist of rafter legs 150x100 mm, resting on substructure bars - mauerlats 200x200 mm. Mauerlates are antiseptic, and between them and the masonry of the wall there is an insulation of two layers of toll. The ends of the rafter legs through one are attached to the wall by twists of wire with a diameter of 4 mm. Towards the end of the rafters' legs, mares are sewn, they are embedded in the masonry of the cornice. A 200x200 mm bed is laid on the outer wall of the attic floor, and 200x200mm posts are installed on it. A 200x200 mm run is laid on the posts, on which the rafters also rest.

A 50x50 mm grate with a pitch of 50 mm is attached to the rafters' legs, a formwork of 120x50 mm boards with a pitch of 50 mm is attached to the rolls. The roof is made of steel sheets 1420 mm long, 710 mm wide, 0.5 mm thick. The horse is covered by a special skate pattern.

3.2.6. Partitions

Partitions are thin unloaded fences installed on floors and dividing the interior of the building into separate rooms. In this building, brick partitions 120 mm thick.

АКП 1.dwg