7-room residential building

Contents

Introduction

1 Space planning solution

1.1 Building configuration, its parameters

1.2 Structural diagram of the building

1.3 Technical and economic parameters of the building

2 Thermal design of the outer wall

3 Design solution

3.1 Foundation. Substantiation of foundation depth

3.2 Walls

3.3 Overlaps

3.4 Partitions

3.5 Windows. Doors

3.6 Stairs

3.7 Floors

3.8 Roof. Roof

4 Finishing of the building

4.1 Exterior decoration of the building

4.2 Interior decoration of the building

5 List of sources used

Conclusion

Introduction

The purpose of the proposed course work is to:

• acquisition of skills in the field of low-rise buildings design;

• mastery of methods of technical and economic evaluation of space-planning and structural solutions of buildings;

• consolidation and expansion of knowledge obtained in the study of theoretical material;

• mastering the methods of performing the elements of the student's research work (NIRS);

• mastery of methods of using technical literature and regulatory documents applicable in construction.

The work carried out involves the development of a project for a residential low-rise building. These buildings are very important for the development of private housing in construction, which in turn makes it possible to more fully meet the growing housing needs of the population.

The main purpose of architecture has always been to create the life environment necessary for the existence of a person, the nature and comfort of which was determined by the level of development of society, its culture, and the achievements of science and technology. This life environment, called architecture, is embodied in buildings that have internal space, complexes of buildings and structures that organize external space - streets, squares and cities.

Since housing construction is one of the most dynamic areas of architectural practice, the process of improvement and development of housing forms is ongoing.

Low-rise private residential buildings are a developing type of construction in cities.

The construction of large-panel buildings is the main way in the industrialization of construction. The disadvantage of mass construction of the same type of buildings is the decrease in the artistic level of mass development, its facelessness and monotony, which cause serious damage to the appearance of populated areas. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to develop and erect the same type of low-rise private houses, which with their architectural diversity will decorate the appearance of settlements.

Building configuration, its parameters

The residential building presented in the project is a cottage-type building, consists of one floor and an attic. The building has a length in axes 1-3 15900 mm and a width in axes A-D 14400 mm. The height of the building is 10700 mm from ground level. The height of the first floor in the building is 3300 mm. Since the house uses slabs with a thickness of 220 mm and floors with a height of 800 mm are arranged, the net height of the first floor is 3000 mm. The net height of the attic is also 3000 mm.

Structural diagram of the building

The design solution involves the design of building structures and the choice of structural and construction systems of the building. A structural system is called an interconnected set of vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of a building, which, taking into account all the loads and actions involved, together provide strength, spatial rigidity and stability of the structure. The structural system was a generalized characteristic of building structures, not related to the features of the material from which it was built, and the method of erection.

The construction system is called the complex characteristic of the structural solution of the building according to the material and the technology of maintaining its vertical bearing and enclosing structures in combination with a selected structural system.

As a structural scheme of the building, a scheme with transverse external and internal bearing walls is proposed. This wall arrangement ensures sufficient strength and stability of the building. All the load-bearing transverse external walls give great strength and rigidity to the building structure.

The advantage of this scheme is that it has greater stability compared to others.

Partitions

For the construction of premises inside the building, pere-towns made of standard ceramic bricks of the brand M100 (250x120x65) according to GOSTU are arranged. Partitions are made with a spoon row, ½ brick thick (120 mm).

On floor slabs, partitions are installed on a layer of cement mortar with a thickness of 10 mm. The joints of the partitions are tied together, and the joints of the partitions with all structural elements of the building are arranged on cement sand mortar of grade 50.

Roof. Roof

A prefabricated ventilation channel and an exhaust shaft are provided on the roof.

In this course work, a gable roof of the attic type is provided. A ventilation duct passes through the attic. The end of the gable roof is solved in the form of a gable. The roof slope is 1:1. The load-bearing structures of the roof are layered rafters with a section of 150x50 mm and rafters, along which a lattice is de-barked, which is the base for the roof. Connection of individual rafters elements to each other is performed by means of bushings and metal fasteners. Rafter legs rest on mauerlats with a section of 100x100 mm. The distance between the rafters is 1000 mm.

Runs of 100x100 mm section are laid on internal supports, along which posts of 100x100 mm section are installed, which support upper runs. Posts and runs form support frames for builders. All wooden structures working in contact with stone are unsepted and 2 layers of toll are laid between them.

On assignment, a roof of ceramic tiles is arranged. About-grid under the roof is a rarefied flooring made of bars with a section of 50x50 mm, with a pitch of 310 mm. The roof has a slope of 45. For better stability on the lattice, the roof is attached by wire to nails clogged in the lattice. To prevent snow blowing under ceramic tiles, pergamine is laid under the roof flooring. Ceramic tiles have dimensions along the length and width of 380x180 mm (format B), thickness is 15 mm (2). The surface density of ceramic tiles is 65 kg/m2. This roof is durable, the fire resistance has a beautiful appearance and is economical to operate.

The attic is the upper floor arranged in an attic floor. The walls of the attic are additionally insulated along the perimeter by mineral wool, 140 mm thick. The ceiling is insulated by a layer of expanded clay, 150 mm thick.

Building Finishes

Exterior decoration of the building

The basement of the building is finished with stones of natural origin. External walls are finished by plastering the walls, and then painted with water-resistant paints.

Window and door blocks are painted with oil paints or warm tone enamels.

Interior decoration of the building

In residential rooms, walls are glued with wallpaper after improved plastering of brick walls. Plaster thickness 20 mm. The kitchen is glued with washable wallpaper, and sections of walls above sanitary devices are lined with glazed tiles. In the bathrooms there are floors made of ceramic tiles, the walls are covered with ceramic tiles to a height of 220 mm, the remaining part is white and a panel of oil or enamel paints is arranged.

Wooden floors are painted with oil paint.

In a penthouse the ceiling is executed from a podshivny rabbeted board, 40 mm thick. On the ground floor and in the attic, the ceiling is finished with gypsum cardboard tiles of the suspended type.

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