3-storey educational building

Contents

Introduction

Space Planning Solution

Structural diagram

Exterior and interior decoration of the building

Engineering equipment

External Wall Heat Engineering Calculation

List of literature used

Design Input

The construction of the facility is provided in the city of Donetsk.

The construction area belongs to 1 climatic zone of Ukraine, characterized by a normative snow load of 0.5 kPa, a wind load of 0.38 kPa (according to SniP 2.01.0785 "Loads and impacts").

The terrain of the built-up area is calm. Soils are presented in the form of loams of brownish-brown, non-sedimentary, low-moisture, refractory, from a depth of 2.5m: loams of soft-plastic wet porous, with 9.5m: coal deposits (weathered aleurolites to the state of clay with dresva inclusions).

Estimated depth of seasonal ground freezing is h = 0.9m

Upon soil development take:

- class of liability (capital) -1

- section relief - flat

-grade of fire resistance 3 a

-Load reliability factor

Introduction

The development of housing construction carried out in our country can solve the problem of providing the population with housing. The production of construction materials and the production of complete standard factory-made houses, providing for their quick mobile installation at the construction site, has been significantly increased.

The landscaped residential building is a full-fledged residential complex. With a rational volumetric planning and constructive solution and a high level of sanitary and technical equipment, the residential building successfully combines the modern comfort of a landscaped city apartment and the natural illegality of a suburban dwelling.

On the basis of the task, a project of a three-story single-section residential building in the city of Donetsk was developed.

Structural diagram

2.1 Foundations

The foundations are used to transfer permanent and temporary loads to the soil. They are underground elements of the building and are arranged under walls and pillars. The density with which the foundation rests on the ground is called the base of the foundation.

We accept concrete tape foundations.

The depth of foundation foot laying is 4.450 m.

The foundation for the bearing walls is taken to be 600 mm wide. Along the perimeter of the building, a pavement of asphalt is provided along a crushed stone base 1 m wide with a slope of 3% of the building.

2.2 Walls

The walls are the main bearing and reflecting structures of a residential lady.

The walls are brick. Thickness of external bearing walls is 510 mm taking into account mortar seams 10 mm, internal bearing walls - 380 mm, partitions - 120 mm. Brick is laid on cement mortar in horizontal rows with compliance with dressing of joints.

2.3 Overlaps

Slabs are horizontal structural structures resting on capital walls and receiving permanent and temporary loads transmitted to them. Floors divide buildings by floors. Covering panels are made on longitudinal bearing walls from prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. Connections of the coating plates are provided by anchoring with steel anchors and wire with a diameter of 6 mm. Insulation is made on top of the coating plates.

2.4 Roof

For this house, a two-pitched attic roof is used. It consists of a roof, a grid and rafters. Roof of wavy asbestos cement sheets. It directly protects the house from rain and snow. The screen is the basis for laying roofing materials. Rafters support the roof and transfer load to the walls from the weight of the entire roof and loads from snow and wind. Rafters, wooden plank, include rafters, mares. The lower ends of the rafters rest on the mauerlat, and the upper ends on the run. Rafters are located at a distance of 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1500 mm from each other.

2.5 Ladder

In the house there is a staircase made of prefabricated reinforced concrete in the form of large-sized solid stair marches and platforms. The stairways are supported by their ends on the side walls of the stairwell. The fences on the stairs are made of steel with a wooden handrail 850 mm high. The stage consists of a tread (300 mm) and a riser (150 mm). The house provides two-march and three-march stairs. The width of the march is 1.2 m.

2.6 Windows and Doors

Wood is the natural and most suitable material for the manufacture of enclosing structures.

Windows are used to provide solar, natural light of the room and for ventilation. The windows are designed wooden double-leaf with opening inwards with separate bindings and single bindings. The windows are attached to the embedded parts of the walls of the house. Sealing of joints is performed by felt with cement mortar sealing. Non-face surfaces of window boxes are antiseptic.

In external flights below the lining, the flaps, framugs and windows have casts on the outside - protrusions designed for runoff of rainwater and meltwater. The specified design house uses bindings that open inward. All windows have dimensions of 1.2x1.5 m.

Windows are calculated depending on the area of ​ ​ rooms 1:5, that is, with this consideration, the window area is obtained, if the area is very large, then you can make two windows, respectively, according to the standard, or approximately.

Doors are used to communicate between adjacent spaces or between spaces and exterior space. The size of doors, their number and location in the building are determined taking into account the purpose of the building and its individual rooms. The dimensions meet the requirements of a quick evacuation of people from the room in the event of a fire. The external entrance doors of buildings are sometimes made of valuable wood with finishing with profiled corners and with pouring brass sheet on the bottom of the canvas. Doors, however, like windows are made of wood natural material - oak.

Doors can open both outside and inside. Doors to bathrooms, kitchens, fire safety entrance are usually made outside.

Door blocks are attached to walls and partitions by nails. Sutures are sealed with gypsum solution. Non-face surfaces of window boxes are antiseptic.

Interior doors measuring D1 0.9x2.1m, entrance doors D2 1.2x2.1, kitchen doors D3 0.8x2.1m, in bathrooms D4 0.7x2.1m.

Engineering equipment

Combined water supply (domestic-drinking and industrial-fire). Internal fire extinguishing is carried out using a fire extinguisher.

Hot water supply from the gas column through cold water pipes is made of steel water and gas pipes.

Sewerage in the house is household in the external environment with local treatment facilities.

Own heating, water from the KChM boiler. The designed residential building has an autonomous heat supply that works on gas, the efficiency of which is a natural supply (in the bathroom and kitchen).

Gas supply - from external low-pressure networks.

Lighting - aluminum-cent (in a common room, kitchen, dining room), as well as incandescent lamps.

Electrical power equipment from 220 V.