2 storey residential building in Kemerovo

Introduction

By purpose, buildings are divided into 4 main types: residential,

public, industrial and agricultural. Residential and

public buildings are combined into a common name - civic buildings.

Residential buildings designed for permanent or temporary

the stay of people. These include residential buildings, dormitories, hotels .

Each type of residential building has a variety in size and

architectural or design solution.

Public buildings are designed for the temporary stay of people in

related to the implementation of various functional processes in them, in

the correspondence with which these buildings are divided into different types (educational ,

catering, medical...).

Industrial buildings serve for production in them

processes of various industries.

Agricultural buildings are close in nature and purpose

production buildings.

Buildings shall meet the requirements arising from their

functional purpose, ensure the best living conditions,

work activity, be strong, safe in the fire

in relation, architecturally expressive and economical.

Source Data:

Building area: Kemerovo

Plot relief: with a slight slope

Soils: clay

Structural diagram: arceless, longitudinal

Foundation: piles

Walls: lightweight brick with external insulation

Floor: from prefabricated railway flooring with round voids

Roof material: wavy asbestos cement sheets

Stairs: from small-sized railway elements

Rafters: layered wooden.

1.

2. Space-planning solution.

Characteristics of the planning scheme.

General Information

Spaces - limited space inside the building. Rooms,

located on the same level form a floor.

Rooms are subject to layout of locations taking into account their functional,

technical relationships.

Sanitary units

Sun. nodes are located on the ground floor of the building

Sun. assembly - a set of rooms and devices for human hygiene.

Architecturally constructive solution.

General provisions

The constructive decision made is the final stage

design. It begins by evaluating the applicability of the design

diagrams. In case of adverse results, the need arises

adopting the best design scheme in which to eliminate

disadvantages of the former. Studies result in several

options for solving the problem, each of which has its own

advantages and disadvantages.

Arceless longitudinal structural diagram, used in this

the project has its advantages and disadvantages. This is a traditional scheme in

design in residential buildings.

Building Features

The structural elements of the building are subject to the requirements of amenities and

the comfort of residents in a residential building so that these elements are

economical, light.

Each building consists of separate interconnected structural

parts having a specific purpose. These include foundations,

walls, individual supports, floors, roofs or slabs, stairs,

partitions, windows and doors.

Bases

This is the lower part of the building for transmission and distribution

loads from the building to the ground, must provide non-shrinkable

stability of the building, which means durability.

Geological rocks in the upper layers of the earth used in

construction, called soils.

Groundwater level: depending on the height of the water level, it is necessary

provide protection measures (waterproofing);

If the water level is low, then the outer part is coated with bitumen;

If the level is high, then an additional wall is glued or built

red brick.

The choice of foundation depends on geological conditions, structural

building diagrams, from presence or absence of basement, loads on

foundation.

In this case, according to the assignment, the foundation is accepted as a pile with a monolithic pedestal. Sizes of piles 300kh300mm. Piles are staggered under the bearing walls.

Exterior walls

Walls are the main structural part of the building that protects the building from

external influences.

As an external barrier, the external wall shall meet the requirements of strength, durability and fire resistance.

Depending on climatic conditions it is necessary to calculate

heat transfer walls.

This building is made of ceramic brick. Total wall thickness (together with insulation) is 610 mm

Thermal calculation of the outer wall.

Construction area: Kemerovo

Building type: residential

tH = 39С - air temperature of the coldest five-day С, s

security 0.92

tB=20C - design internal air temperature

tot.per. = -8.7С - average air temperature 0С, period from

average daily air temperature < 8 ° С

Zot.per. = 230 - duration (day), with average daily

air temperature < 8 ° С

n = 1 - coefficient reflecting condition of barrier interaction

surfaces with external environment

Determine the required heat transfer resistance of the enclosing

Structures that meet sanitary and hygienic conditions:

Rtp = (tvtn) n/vtn = (22 (-39) )/8.739 = 1.75

We define the degrees-days of the heating period:

GSOP = (tBtot.per.) * Zot.per. = (22 (-8.7)) * 230 = 6600С * day

Determine the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures,

Meeting Energy Saving Conditions:

R0es =3.5+ (4,23,5) / (80006000)) * (66006000)=3.7

X-thickness of insulation layer

X = (Re/s1/v/1/2/31/n) t = 100mm

Internal walls

Inner walls are made of 360 mm thick ceramic brick

Overlappings

Horizontal structure dividing the interior of the building by

floors and designed to perceive besides own weight useful

loads to transfer it to walls or supports.

Main requirements: durability, fire resistance, industriality,

cost-effectiveness.

Attic rooms shall meet the requirements of thermal insulation.

Interstage and attic floors consist of slab slabs,

which rest on two sides (on two cants).

Partitions

These are thin unloaded fences installed on floors and

partitioning the interior of the building into separate spaces.

Partitions are made of bricks with a thickness of 120 mm

Windows

Windows - use to illuminate spaces with natural light and for their

ventilation.

OK1 - 1510 mm

Ladders

Depending on the purpose, stairs are divided into main,

service for communication between floors and evacuation, auxiliary,

intended for communication with basements, attics, etc.,

emergency, which are emergency ways of evacuation of people; firefighters ,

employees for outdoor access to floors, attic, roof during

fire.

Doors

Means for communicating between adjacent spaces with outer space.

D1 - 912 mm

Exterior and interior finishes

Inside and outside, the building is finished with plaster. Outer layer 15 mm, inner layer 10 mm

Technical and economic indicators:

1. Building area = 324.33 m2

2. Living space = 263.76

3. Auxiliary area = 225.98

4. Usable area = 489.74

5. Perimeter of external walls = 76.16 m

6. Construction volume = 2639.07

7. K1 factor characterizing the cost-effectiveness of the planning solution = 0.538

8. Factor K2, characterizing the space-volume solution of the building = 12.75

9. Factor K1, characterizing compactness of planning solution = 0.146