Heating and ventilation of a three-storey residential building in Ivanovo

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Source Data

3. Thermal mode of the building

3.1. Outside air design parameters

3.2. Design parameters of internal air

3.3. Heat Engineering Calculation of Enclosing Structures

3.3.1. Determination of degree-day of heating period and operating conditions of enclosing structures

3.3.2. Heat Engineering Wall Calculation

3.3.3. Thermal calculation of attic floor

3.3.4. Thermal calculation of the floor above the non-heated

Basement

3.3.5. Window Calculation

3.3.6. Outside Door Calculation

3.4. Thermal balance of rooms

3.4.1. Heat loss through enclosing structures

3.4.2. Heat flow rate for infiltrating air heating

3.4.3. Heat flow rate for ventilation air heating

3.4.4. Household heat generation

3.4.5. Determination of calculated heat losses of rooms

4. Heating system

4.1 Selection of heating system and type of heating devices

4.2. Thermal calculation of heating devices

4.3. Hydraulic heating system

4.4. Calculation and selection of elevator

4.5 Calculation of the stairwell

5. Ventilation system

5.1. Select Systems

5.2. Calculation of air exchanges

5.3. Calculation of ventilation system

6. Fire protection requirements for heating and ventilation systems

7. List of literature

Introduction

Energy consumption in our country is steadily increasing, especially for heat supply of buildings and structures.

The main heat costs for utility needs in buildings (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water supply) are heating costs. This is due to the condition of building operation in the cold season, when heat losses through the enclosing structures of buildings significantly exceed internal heat emissions, therefore heating plants are used to maintain the necessary temperature.

Heating - artificial heating of building premises, is a branch of construction equipment. The installation of a stationary heating plant is carried out during the construction of buildings, its elements during design with building structures and are combined with the layout and interior of the premises. Also, heating is one of the types of technological equipment of the building. To create and maintain thermal comfort, technically advanced and reliable heating devices are required.

Efficiency of heating plants is ensured by optimizing design solutions using a computer, giving the plant reliability in operation by automatically maintaining the required coolant temperature. Operation modes, methods of heating plant control to save thermal energy are studied.

2 Initial data

Development district of Ivanovo.

The storey of the building is 3 floors with an attic and a basement.

3 Thermal mode of the building

3.1 Design parameters of outdoor air

The purpose of the building is a residential building.

SNiP 2. 01. 0182 "Construction climatology and geophysics"

SNiP 230199 "Construction climatology"

1. Construction area - Ivanovo;

2. Air temperature of the coldest five days, security 0.92 - t = - 30 0С;

3. The maximum of the average wind speeds in rumbes in January is V = 4.9 m/s;

4. Duration of heating period with average daily air temperature ≤ 8 0С - 219 days;

5. Average temperature - t = - 3.9 0С;

6. The humidity zone is normal.

5 Fire protection requirements for heating and ventilation systems

1.1. Coolant temperature (water, steam, etc.) or temperature on the surface of electric and gas heating devices in production premises of category A, B or B, in trading rooms and rooms for processing and storage of materials containing flammable liquids shall be accepted, ° C, not less than 20% lower than the self-ignition temperature of substances in the room, but not more than:

150 - with water heating and no release of combustible dust and aerosols in the room;

130 - under steam heating and the same conditions;

110 - with water and steam heating and availability of combustible dust and aerosols in the room - for rooms of categories A and B;

130 for category B premises under the same conditions;

130 - in case of electric heating of rooms of categories A and B (except for warehouses of categories A and B, where electric heating is not allowed) in explosion-proof design, in the absence of sources of hot dust and aerosols;

110 - the same in the presence of sources of combustible dust and aerosols, except for the above mentioned warehouses;

130 - in case of electric and gas heating of category B premises (except for category B warehouses, where electric and gas heating is not allowed) if there are no sources of combustible dust and aerosols in the room;

110 - the same if there are sources of combustible dust and aerosols (3.3. Annex 11)

1.2. Electric and gas radiant heating with high-temperature radiators, with a surface temperature of not more than 250 ° С, can be used in semi-open and non-insulated rooms and catering buildings, in industrial premises of categories D and D without dust and aerosol emissions, as well as at individual workplaces with air temperature below the rated one, except for rooms of categories A, B or C (paras 3.4, 3.18, annex 11).

1.3. In the premises of categories A and B, the use of water or steam heating with local heating devices is prohibited if substances forming explosive mixtures or substances capable of spontaneous combustion or explosion when interacting with water are stored or used in the premises when in contact with water or water vapors (3.9).

1.4. Hot surfaces of heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms in which they pose a risk of ignition of gases, vapors, aerosols or dust should be isolated, providing for a temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation structure not less than 20% below the temperature, ° C, of their ignition. If there is no technical possibility to reduce the insulation surface temperature to the specified level, heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts should not be placed in the specified rooms. Thermal insulation structures shall be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.1488.

1.5. The laying of transit pipelines of heating systems is not allowed through shelters, electrical rooms and pedestrian galleries and tunnels. Installation of expansion tanks with thermal insulation from non-combustible materials is allowed on attics.

1.6. The distance (in light) from the surface of pipelines, heating devices and air heaters with a coolant temperature above 105 ° С to the surface of the structure made of combustible materials should be taken at least 100 mm. At a shorter distance, thermal insulation of this structure from non-combustible materials should be provided.

1.7. Pipelines at the intersection of floors, internal walls and partitions should be laid in casings made of non-combustible materials; the edges of the casings shall be on the same level as the surfaces of the walls, partitions and ceilings, but 30 mm above the surface of the clean floor. Closing of clearances and holes in places of pipelines laying should be provided with non-combustible materials, providing the rated fire resistance limit of the enclosures.

1.8. Laying or crossing in one channel of heating pipelines with pipelines of combustible liquids, vapors and gases with a vapour flash point of 170 ° C and less or aggressive vapours and gases is not allowed.

1.9. Exhaust and emergency ventilation systems shall be provided separate for each group of rooms located within one fire compartment.

1.10. BW systems should be designed common to the premises:

a) residential;

b) public, administrative and production categories D (in any combination);

c) production of one of categories A or B located on no more than three floors;

d) production of one of categories B, D or D;

e) warehouses and storerooms of one of categories A, B or B, placed on no more than three floors;

1.11. It is allowed to connect HSb systems into one system for the following groups of rooms, attaching to one group of rooms of another group with an area of ​ ​ not more than 200 m2.