OQ and KV Emergency Surgery Corps - Diploma Project

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description of the object

1.2 Terms of Reference

1.3 Initial data

1.3.1 Climatic characteristics of the construction area

1.3.2 External and internal air parameters for heating, ventilation and air conditioning calculation

1.3.3 Characteristics of internal microclimate for calculation of external enclosures

2. CONSTRUCTION HEAT ENGINEERING

2.1 Thermal engineering calculation of external enclosing structures

2.1.1 Determination of reduced heat transfer resistance based on the condition of energy saving by degree of heating period

2.1.2 Determination of the given heat transfer resistance based on compliance with sanitary and hygienic conditions

2.1.3 Selection of insulation thickness and reduced heat transfer resistance of non-uniform enclosing structure

2.1.4 Selection of light opening filling

2.1.5 Determination of resistance and heat transfer coefficients of the remaining enclosing structures

2.1.6 Determination of the possibility of moisture condensation on the inner surface of the outer wall

2.1.7 Plot the temperature distribution in the outer wall

2.1.8 Check of the outer wall for the absence of condensation of water vapors in the fence

2.2 Calculation of heat loss of building room

2.2.1 Heat loss of the room due to heat transfer through external fences

2.2.2 Calculation of heat losses for infiltrating air heating

3. HEATING

3.1 Description of heating systems

3.2 Hydraulic calculation of main and secondary circulation rings

3.2.1 Hydraulic calculation of BCC via riser

3.2.2 Hydraulic calculation of VTsK1 via riser

3.2.3 Hydraulic calculation of VTsK2 via riser

3.2.4 Hydraulic calculation of MCC via riser

3.3 Selection of air curtain

4. VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

4.1 Description of systems

4.2 Calculation of harmful discharge flows to emergency surgery rooms

4.2.1 Calculation of heat inputs to the room through external enclosing structures due to solar radiation and heat transfer

4.2.2 Calculation of other harmful emissions to the premises

4.3. Design air exchange of building rooms

4.3.1 Air exchange calculations for the lecture hall (room No. 340)

4.3.2 Calculations for dining room and vip room

4.3.3 Calculations for hot shop (room No. 135)

4.3.4 Calculation of air exchange from the requirements for permissible concentration of colony-forming units (CFU)

4.5 Selection of air distribution device

4.6 Aerodynamic Duct Calculation and System Design

4.6.1 Aerodynamic calculation of plenum ventilation system P

4.6.2 Aerodynamic calculation of exhaust ventilation system B

4.6.3 Aerodynamic calculation of air conditioning system K

4.7 Selection of ventilation equipment

4.8 = -xu

. Acoustic calculation of the system

5. COLD SUPPLY

5.1 Cooling machine temperature mode

5.2 Calculation of refrigeration machine

5.2.1 Design diagram of refrigeration machine

5.2.2 Design temperature mode of refrigerating machine

5.2.3 Construction of refrigerant state cycle in diagram IgP-i for Freon R407c

5.2.4 Determination of specific cycle characteristics

5.2.5 Determination of required mass flow rate of refrigerant Mx

5.2.6 Required volumetric capacity of compressor Vc

5.2.7 Actual compressor cooling capacity

5.2.8 Compressor electric power

5.2.9 Capacitor calculation

5.2.10. Evaporator calculation

5.3 Selection of refrigeration machine

5.4 Selection of water circuit pump

5.4.1 List of accepted local resistances

6. CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

6.1 Brief description of the construction site

6.2 Determination of scope of construction and installation works

6.3 Selection of method of works execution

6.4 Determination of the number and professional composition of brigades

6.5 Payroll calculation

6.6 Identification of necessary equipment, small mechanization tools and tools

6.7 Preparation of the object for installation

6.8 Heating System Installation Features

6.9 Heating Test Methods

6.10 Typical Job Instruction for Installation of Steel Panel Radiators of Type "RADIK"

6.11 Occupational Safety

6.12 Quality Control Organization

7. Automation

7.1 Automation and control of air treatment processes in plenum and exhaust chambers equipped with a recycling system

7.2 Characteristics of the control object

7.3 Functional diagram of object control

8. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

8.1 Safety of works during installation of ventilation equipment

8.2 Explosion and fire hazard of the room

8.3 Check of compliance of fire resistance standards accepted in the design

8.4 Electrical safety in diagnostic rooms

9. ECONOMY

9.1 Description of the main energy saving measures

9.2 Feasibility Comparison of Options

9.3 Brief description of the system

9.4 Determination of capital costs for purchase and installation of equipment of designed systems

9.5 Determination of annual operating costs

9.6 Determination of total discounted costs

10. LIST OF LITERATURE USED

1. Introduction

1.1. Object Description

This diploma project is a project of heating, ventilation and air conditioning of the experimental surgery building in Moscow.

This building is a structure consisting of 4 floors, there is a technical fifth floor. On the ground floor there are technical services for the operation of the building, wardrobes, a ventilation chamber, a central sterilization department, and an anatomical museum. On the second department there is a reception department, doctors' offices, canteen rooms (hot, pre-preparation and cold workshops, dining room). On the third floor there is a tent, intensive care department, a lecture hall and classrooms. On the third floor there are laboratories, intensive care and operations departments, and classrooms. The height of the first 4x floors is 3.6 m, technical 2.8 m.

External walls are made of concrete blocks with effective insulation. Filling the light openings is a two-chamber glazing unit made of ordinary glass.

1.2. Terms of Reference

- Heating.

In the building it is necessary to design the system of water heating with parameters of the heat carrier of 8060 wasps and to make hydraulic calculation. Choose steel panel radiators Korado - RADIK HYGIENE VK (Czech Republic) as heating devices.

Control the heat transfer of instruments using temperature controllers Danfoss (Germany).

Air is discharged from the system using air cranes.

Connection of heating system to heat networks shall be provided according to independent scheme through water-water plate heat exchanger.

- Ventilation and air conditioning.

Mechanical plenum ventilation and air conditioning systems for basement and three floors shall be designed in the building. Make aerodynamic calculation. It is also necessary to provide ventilation of smoke removal from the corridors of the building.

All plenum plants are located on the first and technical floors, exhaust - on the technical floor. Air supply through rooms shall be provided by means of plafons and grids, drawing - by grids.

- Heat supply.

In this section it is necessary to consider the individual thermal point of the building with selection of the main equipment for heating system operation. For hot water supply system the diagram of heat exchangers connection (single or two-stage) is determined.

- Occupational safety.

In this section, it is necessary to consider measures to ensure the safety of installation of special structures, electrical safety of equipment and smoke removal issues.

- Automation.

For this building, it is necessary to design an automation and control system for air treatment in plenum exhaust chambers equipped with a heat recovery system.

- Technology of construction production.

In this section it is necessary to consider the organization of installation works.

7. Automation

Automation and control of air treatment processes in plenum and exhaust chambers equipped with a recycling system

The automation and control project of the systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of [10], taking into account the recommendations [31] and [32].

Important reasons for the introduction of advanced, reliable and easily controlled automation tools are energy saving conditions, high requirements of construction customers, as well as the opportunities open to the developer at present, due to the presence of a large range of both Western and domestic modern equipment. So, in order to meet the requirements [7], the heating system provides for the regulation of heat removal of heating devices using automatic thermal valves of the RTDN type from Danfoss. When the heat requirement of the room changes, the valve automatically changes the flow rate of the coolant passing through the heating device. And in order to save electricity and ensure better automatic system control conditions, the heating station provides for the installation of Grundfos UPS series circulation pumps.

Ventilation systems in the designed building must not only meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and safety requirements, but also be perfect in terms of comfort and quality from the point of view of aesthetic perception. Noise, vibration, blast should be completely excluded. High demands are placed on saving thermal and electrical energy. In case of changes in system operating parameters, it is necessary to precisely and proportionally control heat, cold and electric energy consumption. These tasks are directly assigned to the automation and automatic control systems of the building systems. Special attention shall be paid to increase reliability and service life of equipment, pipelines and valves. One of the main ways to achieve this is the rational use of automation tools in the necessary and sufficient volumes, thereby creating an additional reserve of reliability of the systems in accordance with the requirements of the customer. In some cases, the competent use of automation means can avoid such extremely undesirable phenomena as: hydraulic shocks, deposits of scale and salts in the devices of heating systems, reducing the destructive effect on the steel of pipes of oxygen involved in water by the coolant and many others.

The design of the fire smoke removal system also requires reliable automation tools. The specifics of this system are that, not used for years, excluding control launches during inspections by the fire inspection, the system may, if necessary, be unable to fulfill its tasks for a variety of reasons. Among the latter may be: disassembly of systems, unauthorized design changes, malfunction of units and parts of the system, operational error.

Important from the point of view of engineering systems design is the requirement of the customer to take into account the possibility of redeveloping and repurposing the premises of the building, which is quite possible under today's economic conditions (so some premises in the building can be transferred to other owners, which will entail a revision of the procedure for using engineering systems). Changing the conditions in the premises of the building will entail the application of system control, these functions will be assigned to automation and control systems.

In the systems, it is planned to use standard equipment according to the catalogs of manufacturers.

7.1. Control Object Characteristic

As a control object, we consider a set of devices including a plenum unit K1, an exhaust unit B1, and a heat recovery system for exhaust air. The K-1 plenum plant, in order to ensure the possibility of heat utilization, works together with the V-1 exhaust plant and organizes the inflow into the lecture room. System of year-round use. It is equipped with a filter, heat exchanger, calorifer heater, honeycomb humidifier, air cooler, radial fan, noise absorber, control and automation system. Heat recovery is provided using a system with an intermediate coolant.

The required set of K-1 installation functions in the cold season includes :

- supply air filtration,

- heating of the supply air in the calorifer of the heat recovery system,

- overheating or full heating in case of malfunction of the supply air heat recovery system in the heater ,

- humidification in the cell humidification chamber.

In the warm season:

- supply air filtration,

- air cooling in air cooler.

The required set of functions of B-1 installation in the cold period of the year includes:

- provision of exhaust air heat utilization by the designed system.

The air intake device of the plant is equipped with an insulated valve of the HVC type equipped with an electric drive (BELIMO NM 230 + SN2 type) for automatic opening - closing.

To monitor dust content of the filter (item 9.7 [10]) and fan operation (item 9.9 [10]), a differential pressure sensor (differential pressure gauge on the unit housing) is installed.

Filling the pipelines of the heating group is carried out with 42.3% aqueous glycol solution, which prevents defrosting of the system.

The fan is equipped with an on/off drive.

Temperature sensors: control of supply air temperature, protection against freezing of the heat exchanger by water and by air.

Alarm means: if necessary and by the decision of the customer and the operational service, the inlet valve open-close lamp, fan operation lamp (p.9.9 [10]), filter operation lamp (p.9.7 [10]) are output to the control panel.

In accordance with paragraph 9.3a [10], it is necessary to ensure by means of automation the disconnection of the supply and exhaust systems in case of fire with simultaneous automatic closing of air intake valves.

7.2Basic sections

Air valve

Required to control the amount of outdoor air entering the central air conditioner.

In all cases, for opening the valve when the fan is turned on and closing when the electric drive of the receiving valve is switched off with the fan motor. Control automation also involves locking valves in systems with an exhaust fan, when the valve is turned off in the exhaust air.

Filter

Filters are placed in those parts of the air conditioner through which all the treated air passes, and so as to protect as many sections of the air conditioner as possible from dust.

For ease of use, the air filter is equipped with a display differential pressure gauge measuring the pressure drop before and after the filter. Sometimes the differential pressure gauge is equipped with a signal lamp, which turns on if the aerodynamic resistance of the filter exceeds the specified one.

Air heater

Water air heaters have a heating element - a drawn copper tube, on which aluminum plates are fitted, which create external finning of the tubes in order to increase the surface of heat exchange from the air side and the total heat transfer intensity. For the heat transfer process, it is very important to ensure good contact between the pipe and the fins, which is achieved by mechanical deformation of the pipe in factory conditions during the manufacture of heat exchangers. The plates have surface corrugations created by stamping from foil with thickness of 0.2 mm, which contribute to turbulence of air flow and provide increased intensity of heat exchange. The distance between the plates of the heating element of the air heater can vary from 1.8 to 4.5 mm.

Emergency-free operation of the air heater is served by freezing protection, which includes a circulation pump, a valve with an electric drive on the return pipeline of the coolant, as well as a check valve on the bridge.

In the operating mode, the pump is constantly switched on. If in the return pipeline the temperature sensors record a decrease in the coolant temperature below the specified value (810 ° C) or the air flow temperature sensor downstream the air heater below the specified value (610 ° C), the supply and exhaust fans are switched off, the air intake valve is closed and the valve for coolant passage is opened. At the same time, the signal "Freezing danger" is transmitted to the automation board or to the control panel.

Air cooler

The cooling section is a water or freon heat exchanger made of copper tubes (4 to 8 rows) with aluminum ribs. The refrigerant can be: chilled water, a mixture of water and glycol, freon. Collectors are made of steel galvanized pipe. Air cooler has galvanized steel casing. Finning of tubes is usually done by plate fins, which provides high heat transfer with low aerodynamic resistance of the heat exchanger.

Automation of water heat exchangers is connected with regulation of cooling capacity of air cooler. Since it works only in the warm period of the year, the automation circuit is activated only when the selector switch in the zimaleto control panel is in the "summer" position. A three-way valve is installed on the return coolant pipeline to reduce the coolant flow rate through the air cooler.

Fan

Fan section is designed for air transportation and its supply to serviced rooms. One-way and two-way low and medium pressure suction radial fans are used. Depending on the required capacity and head, fans with rotor blades bent forward or with blades bent back are used, which provides easy control of the network parameters. The fans are highly efficient and allow you to adjust the performance by changing the number of revolutions.

Automation equipment shall provide protection that stops fan operation when intake valves are closed, since otherwise the pressure in the plenum unit may be higher than the maximum permissible. For this purpose, a pressure gauge with electrical contact can be installed or special fan power switches can be provided.

7.3. Object Management Functional Diagram

Main functions of the designed automation and control system:

- room temperature control year-round;

- setting the temperature from the room;

- heat recovery of exhaust air;

- closing of air valves during "waiting" periods;

- heating of supply air;

- cooling of supply air;

- maintenance of minimum temperature during "waiting" periods;

- Sets the time when the plant is turned on and off in weekly mode.

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The system operates as follows. The actuator U of the supply air valve has two modes: "open" and "closed." If there is a need to block the air supply (e.g. by fire alarm or by stopping the system fans), the valve is set to closed. The filter operation is monitored by a differential pressure sensor F3 (PE), which, if an unacceptably high differential pressure is reached for a given type of filter, will statically show the differential value, which will give grounds for maintenance workers to replace or clean the filter. Check of supply air temperature to ensure operation of heat recovery system is performed by thermal sensors. The operation of the supply and exhaust fans is also monitored using differential pressure sensors.

The possibility of emergency disconnection of fans from the control panel of the indoor ventilation chamber is provided. On the supply fan, this is done using a manual toggle switch, actuation of the disconnecting device. On the exhaust fan - using a manual toggle switch and actuation of the disconnecting device.

Maintenance of the specified temperature in the serviced rooms is provided by the temperature sensor installed in the lecture hall room.

Setting of the required temperature in the room, and its regulation in real time is carried out by manual regulator using manual switch.

The actuator of the exhaust air valve has two modes: "open" and "closed." If there is a need to block the air supply (e.g. by fire alarm or by stopping the system fans), the valve is set to closed.

Heat utilization system operation is ensured by means of secondary circuit control elements. The actuator Yr controls the supply of coolant by a three-way valve. The switch operates discretely and has two states: on/off. In the ON position, the circulation pump of the system is operated .

If it is necessary to disconnect the ventilation system (for example, by a fire alarm signal), the fans are automatically disconnected using actuators Y0. actuating valves to "closed" position.

The system assumes the use of controllers capable of proportional-integral regulation. In order to reduce the cost of the system, it was decided to maximize the unification of automation and control equipment with standard versions offered by the supplier of ventilation equipment. Two controllers are supposed to be used at once. Controller No. 1 is supplied complete with typical automation diagram of ventilation units. Controller No. 2 controls the joint operation of the ventilation units. The controller has 4 universal inputs (configurable for different types of sensors), 4 inputs for temperature sensors, 4 relay inputs, 4 relay outputs and 4 analog outputs. Expansion units are also provided separately for digital (4 inputs and outputs) and for analog (8 inputs and 2 outputs) communication channels. Use the operator panel to change the parameters.

Thus, among the advantages of the proposed device is the possibility of modifying the system operation algorithm already at the commissioning stage, and not at the design stage, which significantly simplifies the debugging of systems on site. In addition, the controller combines the controller and the arithmetic device, which makes it possible at the design stage to completely abandon any other (for example, relay) control schemes for the operation of a complex object, such as the system proposed in this project.

Thus, the selected device meets all the requirements for it in the framework of this project.