Electrification of production

Contents

1. Characteristics of the design object

2. Calculation of electrical loads

2.1 Calculation of hydrogenation shop lighting

2.2 Calculation of electrical loads of hydrogenation shop

2.3 Calculation of electrical loads of the enterprise

2.4 Electrical Load Center Definition and Calculation

load cartograms

3 Reactive power compensation, number and power selection

transformers

3.1 Reactive power compensation in low-voltage networks

3.2 Reactive power compensation in high-voltage networks

3.3 Selection of number and power of transformers

3.3.1 Selection of rated voltage of supply lines

3.3.2 Selection of number of transformers

3.3.3 Power selection of GPP transformers

3.3.4 Power selection of shop transformers

4 External power supply design

4.1 Selection of wires section by heating

4.2 Check of wire section by voltage loss

4.3 Check of wire cross section by economic density

5 Plant Distribution Network Design

5.1 Selection of section by permissible heating

5.2 Check of cable section by voltage loss

5.3 Check of cable section by current economic density

6 Calculation of short-circuit currents in the distribution network

7 Design of internal power supply

7.1 Calculation of electrical loads of the workshop

7.2 Selection of layout and layout of the workshop transformer room

substations

7.3 Selection of internal design and design

of electrical networks

7.4 Selection of electrical equipment with voltage up to 1000 V

7.5 Selection of section of lighting electrical networks

7.6 Selection of sections of power electric networks

7.7 Selection of protective equipment

8 Calculation of short-circuit currents of internal electric circuits

networks

8.1 Calculation of short-circuit currents for point K

8.2 Calculation of short-circuit currents for point K

8.3 Calculation of short-circuit currents for point K

8.4 Calculation of short-circuit currents for point K

9 Selection of diagram and electrical equipment of MCG

9.1 Selection of MCG diagram

9.2 Selection of GPP electrical equipment

9.2.1 Selection of GPL control stick switches

9.2.2 Selection of MCP LV switches

9.2.3 Selection of disconnectors for 35 kV voltage

9.2.4 Selection of measuring transformers of GPP switchgear

9.2.5 Selection of auxiliary transformers

9.2.6 Selection of operating current sources at the substation

9.2.7 Tyre Selection

9.2.8 Selection of insulators

9.2.9 Selection of grounding device

9.2.10 Selection of overvoltage and lightning protection

10 Calculation of relay protection

10.1 Maximum current protection

10.2 Current cut-off

11 Operation and repair of electrical equipment

11.1 Main Repair Assignments

11.2 Operation of power transformers

11.3 Repairing Power Transformers

12 Safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection

protection

12.1 Safety precautions

12.2 Fire Protection

12.3 Ventilation

12.4 Promsanitary

13 Determination of places of damage (WMD) on overhead lines

35 kV power transmission

13.1 System characteristics and classification of WMD methods

Types and nature of damage

13.2 Structure of damage location search system

13.3 Characteristics of low-voltage WMD methods

13.4 35 kV network damage

List of literature

13.3 Characteristics of low-frequency WMD methods

Of the low frequency remote WMD methods, emergency mode measurement methods are the most important. Parameters of emergency mode (SAR) are such values of currents and voltages of industrial frequency in emergency mode, from which it is possible to calculate the distance from the location of short-circuit on HF. These parameters are recorded, that is, measured and stored directly during the period of DC currents flow in the electric power system, the element of which is the damaged VL. Steam measurement is performed before automatic disconnection of HV by high-voltage switch.

The methods in question are divided into one-sided and two-sided methods depending on the location of the measuring means at the ends of the VL.

The most common two-sided methods have been to exclude the effect of transient resistance at the site of the SC on the result of calculating the desired distance.

One-way methods allow you to directly measure the distance to the location of the short-circuit. However, in this case, the transient resistance has a significant effect on the measurement results, especially with the most common type of damage - single-pole SC.

We consider low-frequency WMD methods.

a) Induction method is the most common, used on overhead VL and cable CL lines. The induction method is based on the fact that along the route of the line the character of the change in the magnetic field created by the current flowing along the line is captured. Both the industrial frequency current and its higher harmonic components and the current of increased frequency (0.410 kHz) of a special generator are used. Induction devices include phase-sensitive devices containing, in addition to magnetic field sensors, electric field sensors (for example, pin antennas). The operator with the portable receiver moves along the route of the line, determining whether it is located before or after the damage.

b) Electromechanical method is based on fixation of mechanical forces created due to energy of short circuit current. Electrodynamic forces can be used between current in current-carrying parts and induced current in nearby sensor and electromagnetic forces applied to armature made of magnetic material.

Electromagnetic devices (indicators) are installed stationary on VL supports. Current flow of short circuit through monitored object is signaled by means of blinker. Restoration of the initial state of the indicator (return of the blinker) in a number of structures is carried out automatically when the VL is energized.

The electromechanical method is included in the general group of contact methods.

2.1 Calculation of hydrogenation shop lighting

A. Characteristics of the environment

In the hydrogenation shop - explosive medium of BIa category, in auxiliary rooms - normal medium except for bathrooms (wet medium) and shower (raw medium).

B. Selection of light sources

Since the hydrogenation workshop belongs to explosive rooms of class BIa and its height is 6 m and there are no increased requirements for color distribution, we choose fluorescent lamps of type LB with the greatest light output.

For auxiliary rooms with a height of 3 m, we also choose fluorescent lamps. [2]

B. Selection of the lighting system

For the areas of the hydrogenation shop (visual operation discharge of the aircraft) we accept the system of general uniform lighting; Han's illumination is =200 lx.

Common uniform lighting is also accepted in auxiliary rooms.

G. Selection of luminaires

Luminaires are selected by design and light distribution.

1. Selection of lamps according to design.

The design of lighting fixtures should ensure reliable protection of all their parts from harmful environmental influences, and since in the hydrogenation workshop the environment is explosive category BIa, we use lamps of increased reliability against explosion.

In auxiliary rooms with normal environment we use lamps with degree of protection IP20; for bathrooms (wet medium) and shower (raw medium) - with degree IP54.

2. Selection of light fixtures by light distribution.

The light distribution of the lamp is determined by its luminous intensity curve (LCC). For the hydrogenation workshop, we select lamps with KSS type D, since the height of the room is 6 m and small values ​ ​ of reflection coefficients (0.5; 0,3; 0,1).

For auxiliary rooms having a small height of 3 m, we select lamps having KSS type D - cosine light distribution.

Select lighting fixtures:

- for the shop of hydrogenation - N4T4L1h6511 with lamps LB65, degree of protection 2Exi IIT4, KSS of D type, operational group - 1.

- for auxiliary rooms - LPO212h20 lamps with LB20 lamps, degree of protection of IP20; LPO022h4002 with LB40 lamp, degree of protection of IP20; LSP1836 with lamp LB36, degree of protection IP20.

D. Selection of illumination level and stock factor

The illumination rate depends on the discharge of visual work determined by the minimum size of the object of distinction, and on the sub-discharge of visual work determined by the conditions of visibility of the object.

Norm of illumination and safety factor of Kz it is defined on Construction Norms and Regulations 230595 "Natural and artificial lighting" [2].

To compensate for the illumination decline during the operation of the lighting installation, a safety factor is introduced in the calculation, which depends on the conditions of the environment in the illuminated room, the operating group of the lighting fixture and the type of light source used.